English-to-Quenya Dictionary

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Quettaparma Quenyanna

Version 1.3.

^{SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:}⁺^{= poetic or archaic word (e.g.
+}^él^"star",^elen^{being the ordinary word) or a poetic or archaic
meaning of an ordinary word (e.g.}^russë^{"corruscation, +swordblade"),
* = unattested form, ** = wrong form, # = word that is only attested
in a compound or in an inflected form (e.g.
#}^apa^,
#^Apanóna^{; see AFTER below), TLT =
Tolkien's lifetime (by some called "Real Time", as opposed to:) MET =
Middle-Earth Time (or rather Arda Time, since Quenya originated in
the Blessed Realm), LotR =}^{The Lord of the
Rings}^{(HarperCollins}^Publishers^{, one-volume
edition of 1991), Silm =}^{The
Silmarillion}^{(HarperCollins}^Publishers^{1994), MC =}^{The Monsters and the Critics and other
Essays}^{, MR =}^{Morgoth's
Ring}^{, LR =}^{The Lost Road}^,
Etym⁼^{The Etymologies}^{(in LR:347-400), FS =}^{Fíriel's
Song}^{(in LR:72), RGEO =}^{The Road Goes
Ever On}^{(Second Edition), WJ =}^{The War
of the Jewels}^{, PM =}^{The Peoples of
Middle-earth}^{, Letters =}^{The Letters of
J. R. R. Tolkien,}^{LT1 =}^{The Book of Lost
Tales 1}^,^{LT2 =}^{The Book of Lost Tales 2}^,^{Nam =}^Namárië^{(in LotR:398), Arct =}^{"Arctic" sentence}⁽ⁱⁿ^{The Father Christmas
Letters}^{), GL =}^{Gnomish
Lexicon}⁽ⁱⁿ^{Parma
Eldalamberon}^{#11 - references are selective), vb =
verb, adj = adjective, interj = interjection, pa.t. = past tense, fut
= future tense, perf = perfect tense, freq = frequentative form, inf
= infinitive, gen = genitive, pl = plural form, sg = singular form.
The spelling used in this wordlist is regularized
(}^c^for^k^{except in a few names,}^x^for^ks^{, long vowels marked with accents
rather than macrons or circumflexes; the diaeresis is used as in
LotR). When}^s^{in a word represents
earlier}^þ⁽^th^{as in "thing") and it should be
spelt with the letter}^súlë^{instead of}^silmë^{in Tengwar writing
(though Tolkien himself sometimes ignored or forgot this), this is
indicated by (þ) immediately following the word in question
(e.g.}^sanda^(þ),^sanya^{- (þ); see ABIDE, ABIDING
below).}

<A>

A, AN (indefinite article) - no Quenya equivalent. Elen "star" may thus also be translated "a star" (LotR:94). The absence of the definite article i "the" usually indicates that the noun is indefinite (though there are exceptions - see THE).

ABANDON hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, forsake) -WJ:365

ABHOR feuya-; THE ABHORRED Sauron (þ) -PHEW, Silm:418

ABIDE mar- (be settled of fixed) (fut. #maruva is attested: maruvan "I will abide"); ABIDE BY himya- (cleave to, stick to); ABIDING sanda (þ) (firm, true); LAW-ABIDING sanya (þ) (regular, normal) -UT:317/LotR:1003, KHIM, STAN

ABUNDANCE úvë; ABUNDANT úvëa (in a very great number), alya (rich, blessed, prosperous) -UB, GALA

ABYSS undumë -MC:222 cf. 215

ACCOUNT (noun) quentalë (history), lúmequenta (chronological account, history) -KWET, LU

ACROSS arta (athwart) (Note: arta also means "fort, fortress") -LT2:335

ACTOR tyaro (agent, doer) -KYAR

ACTUAL anwa (real, true) -ANA

ACUTE tereva (fine, piercing); ACUTE, ACUTENESS laicë (keen, sharp, *piercing) (Laicë prob. obsoletes laica in LT2:337) -TER, LAIK

ADHERING himba (sticking) -KHIM

ADMIRAL ciryatur (only attested as the personal name Ciryatur of an admiral, but the word means *"ship-ruler") -UT:239

ADULT (adj) vëa (manly, vigorous); ADULT MAN vëaner; ADULT MALE nér (pl neri) (man) -WEG, DER

ADÛNAKHOR Herunúmen -UT:222, Silm:322

AEGNOR Aicanáro (so in Silm:435 and PM:345; MR:323 has Aicanár) (Sharp Flame, Fell Fire)

AFTER #apa (only attested in compounds like Apanónar, see below), #ep- (used in compounds when the second part of the compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë "after-name" - see NICKNAME.) THE AFTER-BORN Apanónar (sg #Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men, according to WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech") -Silm:122/WJ:387, UT:266

AGAIN ata; AGAIN (prefix) en-, (prefix) at-, ata- (back-, re-) (AT[AT])

AGE randa (cycle) -RAD

AGENT tyaro (actor, doer) -KAR

AGILE tyelca (swift) -KYELEK

AGO yá -YA< DD> AGONY qualmë (death), unqualë (death) -KWAL

AH (interj.) ai (alas) Ai! laurië lantar lassi Ah! golden fall the leaves (Nam)

AIR vista (= air as substance); lindë (tune, song, singing); vilya older [MET] wilya (sky); vilma (lower air) (perhaps changed to vista, but vilma was not struck out in Etym); PUFF OF AIR hwesta (breeze, breath); UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies), AIRY vilin (breezy) -WIS, LIN, WIL/LT1:273, SWES/LotR:1157, MC:223, LT1:273

ALAS (interj.) ai (ah) (Etym also gives a word nai, but this clashes with nai "be it that" in Namárië.) -Nam/RGEO:66, NAY

ALIVE cuina; BEING ALIVE (noun not adj) cuilë (life) (LT1:257 gives coina, coirëa.) -KUY

ALL ilya (the whole) (Note: ilya becomes ilyë before a plural noun: ilyë tier "all paths"); ALLNESS, THE ALL ilúvë (the whole), ALL THAT IS WANTED fárë (plenitude, sufficiency) -IL, Nam cf. RGEO:67, Silm:433/WJ:402, PHAR

ALLOW lav- (yield, grant); NOT ALLOW TO CONTINUE nuhta- (stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short) -DAB, WJ:413

ALONE er (one, alone, only, but, still), eressë (singly, only, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269

ALPHABET tengwanda -TEK

ALTOGETHER aqua (fully, completely, wholly) -WJ:392

*AMANIAN (only translated "of Aman" by Tolkien) amanya. Cf. also Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those not of Aman" (the Elves who started on the march from Cuiviénen but did not reach Aman; contrast the Avamanyar, another name of the Avari.) -WJ:411, 373, 370, MR:163

AMLOTH *Ambalotsë (Tolkien asterisked the word because it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of Amloth. See "UPRISING-FLOWER".) -WJ:318

AMRAS Telufinwë (meaning "Last Finwë", not the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his name was Telvo *"Last One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarussa, but this name was not used in narrative.) -PM:353

AMROD Pityafinwë (meaning "Little Finwë", not the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his name was Pityo *"Little One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarto, or Umbarto, but these names were not used in narrative.) -PM:353

AN see A

ANCIENT yára (belonging to or descending from former times) -YA

AND ar (possibly a before f [and v?]: eldain a fírimoin "for elves and men" [FS], cf. a valmarion "and of those of Valmar" [from "Antatye Voronwi" by C. Gilson, Vinyar Tengwar #31 p. 10]) (In Sauron Defeated p. ii, o is translated "and", but LotR, Silm and Etym all agree that the Quenya word for "and" is ar.) AND YET a-nanta/ananta (but yet) -AR/Nam/FS, NDAN

ANGBAND Angamando (Iron-gaol) (so in MR:350 and Silm:428; Etym has Angamanda) -MR:350, Silm:428, MBAD

ANGELIC POWER Vala (pl. Valar or Vali, gen. pl. Valion is attested in Fíriel's Song); ANGELIC SPIRIT Ainu, f. Aini (holy one, god) -LotR:1157/BAL/FS, AYAN, LT1:248

ANGELN (island in the Danish peninsula) Eriollo -LT1:252

ANGROD Angaráto -Silm:428

ANIMAL #kelva (only pl. kelvar is attested, translated "animals, living things that move" in Silm appendix and WJ:341); laman (pl. lamni or lamani) ("usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles and birds"); MALE ANIMAL hanu (male) -Silm:52/53,/405:3AN, WJ:416

ANYBODY - if anybody: aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372

APRIL Víressë -LotR:1144/1146

AR-ADÛNAKHOR Tar-Herun&u; acute;men -UT:222, Silm:322

AR-BELZAGAR Tar-Calmacil -UT:222

AR-GIMILZÔR Tar-Telemnar -UT:223

AR-INZILADÛN Tar-Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324

AR-PHARAZÔN Tar-Calion -UT:224, Silm:324

AR-SAKALTHÔR Tar-Falassion -UT:223

AR-ZIMRAPHEL Tar-Míriel -UT:224, Silm:324

AR-ZIMRATHÔN Tar-Hostamir -UT:222

ARCTURUS (a star) Morwinyon (said to mean "the glint at dusk" or "glint in the dark") -LT1:260

ARE see BE

ARGON Aracáno -PM:345

ARM ranco (pl ranqui) (LT2:335 gives rá [there spelt râ], but this word is certainly obsolete: In Etym, rá is glossed "lion".) -RAK

ARMY hossë (band, troop) -LT2:340

ARNOR Arnanor, Arnanórë ("royal land") -Letters:428

ARROW pilin (pl pilindi) -PÍLIM

ART Carmë (making, production) -UT:396

ARTIFICIAL CAVE hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall) -PM:365

AS (prep) ve (like) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67

ASCENT rosta, ASCENSION orosta -LT1:267, 256

ASGARD Valinor, Valinórë (Tolkien actually uses this gloss of Valinor, as Asgard is the City of the Gods in Norse mythology) -LT1:272

ASIDE - stand aside! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you stay aside!" (be gone!) LEAVING ASIDE hequa (not counting, excluding, except) -WJ:364, 365

*ASK #maquet- (only pa.t. maquentë is attested. The word is not translated, but undoubtedly means "asked": 'Mana i-coimas in-Eldaron?' maquentë Elendil [PM:403]. The question itself is translated "What is the coimas of the Eldar?", so the rest must be "Elendil asked". Furthermore, maquentë is transparently quentë "said" with the interrogative element ma [PM:357] prefixed.)

ASLEEP lorna -LOS

ASSEMBLE hosta- (gather, collect) -MC:223

ASSOCIATE otorno (sworn brother) osellë (þ) (sworn sister) -TOR, THEL

ASTRONOMER meneldil -Letters:386

ATHWART arta (across) (Note: arta also means "fort, fortress"); GO ATHWART tara- (cross) -LT2:335, 347

AUGER teret (gimlet) -LT1:255

AUGUST Urimë (so in LotR; UT has Úrimë) -LotR:1144, UT:302/470

AUTHORITY Máhan (pl Máhani is given, but seems perfectly regular). Tolkien once stated that Valar should strictly be translated "the Authorities" (MR:350), but Vala obviously cannot be used to translate "authority" in general; it was used only of the Valar themselves (WJ:404). Cf. also adj. valya "having (divine) authority or power". Máhani was adopted from Valarin and originally probably referred to the Valar themselves. We are not told whether Máhan could or should be applied to a non-divine authority (at least it should not be capitalized if so used). Note: Máhan means *"Supreme One" rather than "authority" as an abstract. -MR:350, BAL, WJ:399/402

AUTUMN yávië (harvest - in the Calendar of Imladris, yávië was a precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition), lasselanta ("leaf-fall", used of the beginning of winter or as a synonym of quellë; see FADING. Also spelt lasse-lanta with a hyphen), narquelion ("fire-fading" - this word from Fíriel's Song and Etym seems to correspond to narquelië in LotR, but the latter is the name of the month corresponding to our October.) LT1:273 has yávan "autumn, harvest", but this word may be obsoleted by yávië. -LotR:1142, 1144, 1145/Silm:439/LT1:254, DAT, FS, NAR/KWAL, Letters:382

AVENUE OF TREES aldëon -LT1:249

AWAKE coiva- (so in LT1:257; read *cuiva- in mature Quenya? Cf. the following:) AWAKENING (noun) cuivië (obsoleting coivië in LT1:257), cuivë; AWAKENING (adj) cuivëa -KUY/Silm:429

AWAY oa, oar (viewed from the point of view of the thing, person, or place left). See also GO AWAY. -WJ:366 cf. 361

AWNING teltassë -GL:70

AXE pelecco -LT2:346

BABE lapsë -LAP

BACK - LT2:338 mentions a Gnomish word alm, said to mean "the broad of the back from shoulder to shoulder, back, shoulders". It is stated that the "Qenya" cognate of this Gnomish word occurs in the name Aikaldamor - i.e., #aldamo or #aldamor? But this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.

BACK- (prefix) at-, ata- (re-, again-); THOSE WHO GO BACK Nandor (Elves that left the March from Cuiviénen) -AT(AT), WJ:384

BACKWARDS nan- (prefix?) -MBAS

BAD - Gnomish fêg is so glossed in GL:34, and this is equated with Q faica, glossed "contemptible, mean" under SPAY.

BAKE masta- -MBAS

BALE OUT calpa- (draw water, scoop out) -KALPA

BALL coron -KOR

BALROG Valarauko (pl. Valaraukar) (so in the Silmarillion - in Etym the Quenya form of Sindarin balrog is malarauco, while LT1:250 gives Malcaraucë) -Silm:35/425/439, RUK

BAND nossë (army, troop) -LT2:340

BANK (esp. of river) ráva -RAMBÁ

BARK - Tolkien originally thought that parma "book" really meant "skin, bark; parchment", with "book, writings" as the secondary meaning. But in Etym parma is derived from a stem meaning "compose, put together", obsoleting the old etymology. -LT2:346, contrast PAR

BASE sundo (root, root-word) (pl. #sundar, isolated from Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan (talam-) (floor, ground), talma (foundation, root); BASE-STRUCTURE sundocarmë -SUD, WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343

BATTER palpa- (beat) -PALAP

BAY (small and landlocked) hópa (haven, harbour) -KHOP

BE The only forms of the verb "to be" in the published corpus are ná "is" , nar "are", and nai "be it that" (mistranslated "maybe" in LotR). The word ëa is variously translated "is", "it is", "let it be". Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is", but ye may be obsolete in mature Quenya. For "was", some writers have used né, pl. ("were") ner. Cf. also uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1. pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. -Nam/RGEO:67, An Introduction to Elvish:5, Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU

BE GONE! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -WJ:364

BEACH falas (falass-), falassë (shore, line of surf), falas, hresta (ablative hrestallo is attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431, PHAL/LT2:339, MC:221/222/223

BEAR (vb) #col- (verb stem isolated from #colindo "bearer". Cf. mel- "to love", melindo "lover". #Col- can also be translated *"wear" [of clothes], cf. the past participle colla "borne, worn".) BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1. person aorist when mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308 and MEL, MR:385, LT1:273

BEAR (noun) morco -MORÓK

BEARD fanga (obsoleting vanga in GL:21; GL:34 has fangë "long beard", while GL:63 gives poa. Use fanga.) -SPÁNAG

BEARER #colindo (only attested in the pl compound cormacolindor "Ring-bearers") -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308

BEAT palpa- (batter) -PALAP

BEAUTIFUL vanya (Note: a homonym means "disappear"), linda, calwa, vanima (nominal pl vanimar "beautiful ones" and partitive plural genitive vanimálion are attested) (fair, proper, right). According to MR:49, Maiar means "the Beautiful", but in Quenya this is the name of an order of spirits and cannot be used as a general adjective. BEAUTY vanessë -BAN, SLIN, LT1:254, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, LT1:272, MR:49

BED caima; BEDCHAMBER caimasan (þ) (pl. caimasambi); BEDRIDDEN caimassë, caimassëa (sick); LYING IN BED (noun) caila (sickness) -KAY, STAB

BEE nier (honey-bee), nion -GL:60

BEECH feren, fernë (pl. ferni in both cases) (LT2:343 gives neldor "beech"; this word may be obsolete in mature Quenya.) -PHER

BEECHEN ferinya -PHÉREN

BEGET nosta- (also glossed "give birth"), onta- (pa.t. ónë or ontanë); BEGETTER #nostar (see note), ontaro (m.), ontarë (f.) (parent). (In LotR, the form nostari "begetters, parents" occurs; sg #nostar. Nostari was changed from ontari in Tolkien's first draft [see SD:73], so he may have scrapped ontaro, ontarë in favour of #nostar [or m. *nostaro, f. *nostarë???] Did he also reject the verb onta- in favour of nosta-?) -SD:73, ONO, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308

BEGINNING *yessë (Corrected from the actual reading esse, derived from a stem that was marked with a query by Tolkien because esse also = name. Evidence from LotR indicates that he decided to change the stem in question from ESE to *YESE, thus eliminating this homophony: In LotR:1142 we find yestarë, apparently meaning *"first-day" - it is not translated, but it was the name of the first day of the year and ré means "day". In Etym [stem ESE] the word for "first" was esta. So for esta "first", esse "beginning" and essea "?primary" [gloss illegible], we should evidently read *yesta, *yessë and yessëa.) -ESE/ESET

BEGOTTEN - see FIRST-BEGOTTEN.

BEHOLD cen- (see) (future tense cenuva is attested) -MC:222

BEING ëala (spirit).Pl. ëalar is attested. Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs. -MR:165

BEING ALIVE (noun) cuilë -KUY

BELEGOST Túrosto (Mickleburg) -WJ:389

BELERIAND Hecelmar, Heceldamar (lit. *"home of the Eglath", q.v.) This is said to be the name for Beleriand used "in the language of the loremasters of Aman". The cognate of Sindarin "Beleriand" is #Valariandë; only the form Valarianden is attested (a genitive formation from an earlier "Qenya" variant; in mature Quenya it would be a dative). The latter may be the name used in Exilic Quenya. Beleriand was also called Ingolondë "Land of the Gnomes [Noldor]". -WJ:365, LR:202, ÑGOLOD

BELL nyellë -NYEL

BELLIED #cumba (isolated from sauricumba "foulbellied"). This adjective may point to *cumbo or something similar as the likely word for "belly". -SD:68, 72

BELOVED melda (dear). Cf. nessamelda, *"beloved of Nessa", a flagrant evergreen tree brought to Númenor by the Eldar. -MEL, UT:456

BELZAGAR Calmacil -UT:222

BEND #cúna- (derived from the adj. cúna "bent"; see MC:223. In menel acúna "the heavens bending" the word is used intransitively.) -MC:222/223 cf. 215

BENEATH undu (down, under) -UNU

BENT cúna (curved; cúna is also used as a verbal stem, see BEND), raica (crooked, wrong), cauca (crooked, humped), sara (þ) (stiff dry grass) -MC:223, RAYAK, LT1:257, STAR

BERRY piucca -GL:64 (glossed "blackberry" in LT2:347)

BESIDE ara, also ar- as prefix. -AR

BETWEEN imbë -Nam/RGEO:67

BEYOND pella (a postposition in Quenya: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars") -Nam, MC:222

BIER tulma -LT1:270

BIG DIPPER see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.

BIPED #attalya (Only pl Attalyar is attested. The word was used of the Petty-dwarves, q.v.) -WJ:389

BIRD aiwë, filit (pl filici) (Note: both aiwë and filit are stated to mean "small bird", not "bird" in general), ambalë, ammalë (= yellow bird), lindo (= "singer", singing bird). LT1:273 also has wilin; this may or may not be a valid word in mature Quenya. -AIWÊ, PHILIK, SMAL, LIN

BIRTH, BIRTHDAY nosta; GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in later sources, nosta- is glossed "beget", q.v.) -LT1:272

BITE (vb) nac- BITE (noun) nahta -NAK

BITTER sára -SAG

BLACK morë (in compounds mori-, e.g. Moriquendi), morna, morqua; BLACKNESS mórë (night); BLACKHANDED morimaitë, BLACKBERRY piucca (only "berry" in GL:64); BLACK FOE Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form was Moriñgotho) (Morgoth) -MOR, LT1:260, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, LT2:347, MR:194

BLADE hyanda (share), (sword blade:) +russë (corruscation) -LT2:342, RUS

BLAZE urya- (The stem this word is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) BLAZING HOT úrin (Úrin also being a name of the Sun) -UR, LT1:271

BLESS laita- (praise) (Imperative a laita and fut #laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings: laituvalmet, "we shall praise [or bless] them".) BLESSED alya, almárëa (prosperous, rich, abundant), herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich), aman ("blessed, free from evil" - Aman was "chiefly used as the name of the land where the Valar dwelt." [WJ:399]. BLESSED BEING Manwë (the King of the Valar); BLESSEDNESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (happiness), "BLESSINGS", BLESSEDNESS, BLISS almië, almarë; FINAL BLISS manar, mandë (doom, final end, fate, fortune) -LotR:989 cf Letters:308; GAL, KHER, Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD

BLIGHT yaru (gloom) -GL:37

BLINK tihta- (peer) -MC:223

BLOCK tápë (3 pers sg aorist), pa.t. tampë -TAP

BLOOD sercë (so according to Silm appendix; Etym has yár [yar-]) -Silm:437, YAR

BLOSSOM (white) lossë, ("of flowers in bunches or clusters":) *lohtë (corrected from the actual reading loktë because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya.) -LOT, LT1:258

BLOT motto -MBOTH

BLUE luin, #luinë (pl. luini in Nam; Etym and LT1:262 has lúnë), ninwa, ulban (adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya), PALE BLUE helwa -Nam/LT2:340, LT1:262, LUG, WJ:399, 3EL

BOAT luntë; SMALL BOAT venë (vessel, dish) -LUT, LT1:254

BODY hroa (In MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa is "roughly but not exactly equivalent to 'body'" [as opposed to "soul"]. Hroa is also used = "physical matter"), DEAD BODY loico (corpse); BODILY sarcuva (corporeal) -MR:216, 219; MC:223, LT2:347

BOLD verya, canya BOLDNESS verië -BER, KAN

BOLSTER nirwa (cushion) -NID

BOND nútë (knot), vérë (troth, compact, oath) Pl. probably *vérer, *núter not *véri, *núti; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -NUT, WED

BONE axo (pl axor is attested) -MC:222, 223

BOOK parma (writings); BOOK LANGUAGE (=Quenya) parmalambë -PAR/UT:219, 460, LT2:346

BORDER réna (edge, margin); ríma (edge, hem) -REG, Rî

BORN #nóna (isolated from Apanónar, the "Afterborn") -Silm:122/381

BORNE colla (pa.p. of col- "bear") (worn). Also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak". -MR:385

BOSOM palúrë (surface, bosom of earth), súma (hollow cavity) -PAL, MC:223

BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated round hill) -LT1:269

BOTH yúyo -YÛ

BOUND nauta (obliged) -NUT

BOW (vb ) cawin ("I bow", 1. pers. aorist); BOW (noun) quinga, cú (also = crescent Moon), lúva, cúnë (crescent); RAINBOW helyanwë ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta (LT2:348 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this word was obsoleted when Tolkien changed the meaning of ilu from "sky" to "universe".) BOWLEGGED quingatelco (So it is translated, but this must really be a noun: "bow-leg" [quinga + telco]. No Quenya adjectives end in -o, unless this is the only one. Read *quingatelca for "bow-legged"? Cf. one of the other words from the same source, sincahonda, changed from sincahondo in an earlier draft - but at that time Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco and hence did not change its ending: See SD:72.) -LT1:257, SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3, LT1:256, LotR:1154, LT1:271

BOWL fion (goblet), #salpë (isolated from tanyasalpë "Bowl of Fire") -LT1:253, 292

BRANCH olwa -GÓLOB

BRAND yulma (Note: a homonym means "cup".) -YUL cf. Nam

BREAD masta; LIFE-BREAD (= lembas) coimas (prob. *coimast-, cf. masta "bread") -MBAS, Silm:406/429

BREAK (vb) rac- (past participle rácina "broken" is attested); BREAK APART terhat- (pa.t. terhantë); BREAK ASUNDER hat- (pa.t. hantë) -MC:223, SKAT

BREATH (noun) hwesta (breeze, puff of air), súlë (þ) (spirit) (earlier [MET] form thúlë = Súlë ; BREATH (vb) súya- (þ); BREATHER Súlimo (þ) (a title of Manwë; this is the literal meaning according to Silm:420); BREATH FORTH see EXPIRE. -SWES, THÛ/LotR:1157

BREEZE hwesta (breath, puff of air), GENTLE BREEZE vílë; BREEZY vilin (airy) -SWES, LotR:1157, LT1:273

BRIDE indis (wife) (This word may obsolete akairis in LT1:252) -NDIS/UT:8

BRIDEGROOM ender -NDER

BRIDGE yanwë (joining, isthmus), yanta (yoke) -YAT, LotR:1157

BRILLIANCE alcar, alcarë (splendour, radiance), calassë (clarity); BRILLIANT alcarinqua (glorious) -AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427, GL:39

BROAD - LT2:338 gives a word aica "broad, vast", but this is probably obsoleted by aica "sharp, fell, terrible, dire" in later writings.

BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow of ship), BROAD-BLADED SWORD ecet (short stabbing sword) -LAG, UT:284/432

BROKEN rácina -MC:223

BROOCH tancil (pin) -TAK

BROOD luvu- (lower) -LT1:259

BROOK nellë (GL :46 has wentë) -NEN

BROTHER toron (pl. torni) (= natural brother); otorno sworn brother, associate BROTHERHOOD onóro (of bloodkinship), otornassë (the latter is evidently the "brotherhood" of otornor, sworn brothers) -TOR, NÔ

BROWN varnë (swart, dark brown) (in compounds varni-) -BARÁN

BUD tuima (sprout); BUDDING see SPRING-TIME. -TUY, LT1:269

BUFFET taran, tarambo -LT2:337

BUILD carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist - according to FS and SD:246 the past tense is cárë, but Etym has carnë; writers should probably use the latter (not to be confused with the adjective carnë "red". Past participle #carna *"built, made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) BUILDING car (card-) (house), ampano (= especially building of wood, wooden hall), ataquë (construction); BUILDER samno (þ) (carpenter, wright) -KAR, PAN, TAK, STAB

BULL tarucco, tarunco -LT2:347

BUNCHES (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.

BURDENSOME lumna (lying heavy, oppressive, ominous) -DUB

BURLY polda (strong) -POL

BU RN usta- (transitive, e.g. *Fëanáro ustanë i ciryar "Fëanor burnt the ships"), urya- (intransitive, e.g. *i ciryar uryaner "the ships were burning") -LT1:271

BUSH tussa -TUS

BUT nan (so in Namárië and Fíriel's Song; Etym has ná, nán. Ná clashes with ná "is"); er (only, one, alone, but, still); BUT YET a-nanta, ananta (and yet) -NDAN, LT1:269, Nam/FS

BUTTERFLY wilwarin (wilwarind-) -WIL/MC:222, 223/LT1:273

BUTTOCKS hacca (hams) -GL:47

-BY-mas (final element in place-names, see -TON) -LT1:250

<C>

CALACIRIAN Calaciryan (prob. *Calaciryand-), full form Calaciryandë (i.e., "the region of Eldamar...in and near the entrance to the ravine [of Calacirya], where the Light was brighter and the land more beautiful") -RGEO:70 cf. LotR:252

CALL yello (shouth of triumph) -GYEL

CANDLE lícuma (taper) -MC:223

CANOPY (vb) telta- (overshadow, screen), CANOPY (noun) telimbo (sky) -TEL, LT1:268

CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi (sg #Sarquindë?) -LT2:347

CAPE mundo (nose, snout) (Note: mundo also means "ox".) -MBUD

CARANTHIR Morifinwë, short form Moryo (not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate of his "mother-name" [q.v.] Carnistir.) -PM:353

CARCANET firinga (necklace) -LT2:346/GL:36

CAROUSAL yulmë (drinking) (Note: a homonym means "smouldering heat") -WJ:416

CARPENTER samno (þ) (wright, builder) -STAB

CARRY - GL:38 has yulu-, but in WJ:416 the same stem (there spelt JULU) is said to mean "drink", indicating that yulu- "carry" is obsolete in mature Quenya. Use rather #col-; see BEAR.

CART norollë -GL:31

?CASSIOPEIA Wilwarin (the identification of this constellation is not certain. Wilwarin means "butterfly".) -Silm:426

CASTLE OF CUSTODY - this is mentioned as the approximate meaning of Mandos (stem Mandost-) -MR:350

CAT mëoi -LT2:348

CATCH (noun) atsa (hook, claw) -GAT

CAUSE (vb) tyar- -KYAR

CAVE felya, rondo , rotelë; ARTIFICIAL CAVE hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall) -PHÉLEG, ROD, LT2:347, PM:365

CAVITY (hollow) súma (bosom) -MC:223

CEASE hauta- (take a rest, stop), pusta- (stop, put a stop to), tyel- (end) -KHAW, PUS, KYEL

CELEBORN Telporno (Letters:425) or Teleporno (UT:266). (The latter is stated to be the Telerin form, while Telporno must be the form used in Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Altáriel vs. Alatáriel; see GALADRIEL.)

CELEBRIMBOR (= "Silver-fist") Telperinquar (possibly *Telperinquár-. Cf. quárë "fist"). -Silm:429

CELEGORM Turcafinwë, short form Turco (not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is a cognate of his mother-name [q.v.] Tyelcormo "hasty-riser"; the latter name was "never used in narrative".) -PM:352, 353

CELOS Celussë (see UT:426)

CENTRE endë (core, middle), tólë -NÉD, ÉNED, LT1:269

CENTURY haranyë (or perhaps it means the last day of a century - Tolkien's wording is not clear. The latter interpretation may be more likely.) -LotR:1142

CHAIN Angainor (= "The Great Chain" with which Morgoth was twice bound; LT1:249 has the form Angaino) -Silm:59

CHAMBER sambë (þ) (-san, -samb- in compounds; cf. BEDCHAMBER) (room) -STAB

CHAMPION aráto (eminent man) -Silm:428

CHANGE (vb) #ahya- (only pa.t. ahyanë is attested) -PM:395

CHANNEL celma -KEL

CHANT lirin ("I chant", 1. pers. aorist) (sing) -LIR¹

CHEESE tyuru- (so in GL:28; why the hyphen?)

CHERRY pio (this word was also applied to plums). CHERRY TREE aipio (also used = "plum tree"???) -LT2:347, GL:18

CHIEF (adj) héra (principal); CHIEF (noun) #turco (isolated from Turcomund "chief of bulls, *chief bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but Turco appears as a the short name of Turcafinwë, Celegorm's Quenya name - though that is translated "strong, powerful (in body)" rather than referring to more "political" power) -KHER, Letters:423, PM:352

CHIEFTAIN haran (pl harni) (in Etym also = king, but in LotR and other texts the Quenya word for "king" is aran pl. arani - see KING), cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER) (ruler, governor, commander) -3AR, UT:400

CHILD hína, also vocative hina with a short vowel, used when addressing a (young) child. Pl. híni rather than hínar; see CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR below. "Child" as the last element in compounds: -hin (-hín-, pl. -híni), e.g. CHILDREN OF ERU Eruhíni from sg. #Eruhin; CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR Híni Ilúvataro; MY CHILD hinya (short for hínanya). (For "child", Etym also has seldë; Tolkien changed the meaning from "daughter".) -WJ:403, Silm:387/432, SEL-D-

CHILL ninquë (pallid, white); BE CHILL (of weather) nicu- (be cold) -WJ:417 cf. NIK-W-

CHILLY ringa (damp, cold) -LT1:265

CHOKE quoro- (suffocate), CHOKED quorin (drowned) -LT1:264

CHOOSING #cilmë (isolated from Essecilmë "name-choosing", q.v.) -MR:214

CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT lúmequenta (history) -LU

CIRCLE rindë; CIRCULAR rinda; CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ("especially on a hill-top") corin -RIN, KOR/LT1:257

CITY osto (town with wall round) -OS

CLAD vaina -LT1:272

CLAMOUR yalmë -NGYAL (see NGAL)

CLAN nossë (family, "house") -NÔ

CLARITY calassë (brilliance) -GL:39

CLASP tangwa (hasp) -TAK

CLAW atsa (hook, catch), #racca (isolated from raccalepta, see below); CLAW-FINGERED raccalepta -GAT, SD:68, 72

CLEAN poica -POY

CLEARED (of land) latin, latina (free, open) -LAT

CLEAVE hyarin ("I cleave", 1. pers. aorist), CLEAVER #hyando in Sangahyando "Throng-cleaver, Cleaver of throngs" -SYAD, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425

CLEAVE TO himya- (abide by, stick to) -KHIM

CLEFT yáwë (ravine, gulf); sanca (þ) (split), hyatsë (gash), ciris (crack), falqua (mountain pass, ravine), cilya (gorge, pass between hills) (so in Etym, but cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo, not Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5.) -YAG, STAK, SYAD, RGEO:70/WJ:403, LT2:337, 341, KIL

CLIFF ollo (seaward precipice) (The alternative form oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252

CLOAK colla (vestment, actually a past participle "borne, worn" used as a noun). GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo. Note that colla has become #collo because -o is a masculine ending.) (Thingol) -MR:385

CLOTH lannë (tissue) -LAN

CLOUD fanya (white cloud; pl. fanyar is attested), lumbo (pl lumbor is attested. In LT1:259, it is stated that this word applies to a "dark lowering cloud"), ungo (dark shadow). (In ancient times the Elves probably also used the word fana [in Etym fána] for "cloud" or "veil", but in Quenya it came to denote the visible bodies in which the Valar manifested themselves to incarnates. When fana no longer meant "cloud", this meaning was evidently transferred to the derivative fanya, originally probably meaning "white" or "white thing".) UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies) -SPAN, MC:222, UÑG, Nam, RGEO:67, SYAD, RGEO:74, MC:223

CLUSTERS (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.

COAT vacco (jacket) -GL:21

COBWEB línë -SLIG

CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (system of signs, grammar); GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:394 cf. TEK, WJ:395

COLD (adj) ringa (so in MC:222 and LT1:265; Etym has ringë, which is also a noun meaning "cold lake/pool in the mountains"), (damp, chilly), yelwa; COLD (noun?) niquë, also vb niquë- "it is cold, it freezes"; BE COLD, CHILL (of weather) nicu- -MC:222, RINGI, LT1:260, WJ:417

COLLAPSE (vb) talta- (slip, slide down), COLLAPSE (noun) atalantë (downfall) -MC:223

COLLECT hosta- (gather, assemble); COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassië (foliage) -KHOTH/MC:223, Letters:282

COME tulin ("I come", 1. pers. aorist); perfect #utúlië and future #tuluva are attested (the latter in entuluva "shall come again". Tulin obsoletes tulu- in LT1:270). COME AWAY hótuli- ("so as to leave a place or group and join another in the thought or place of the speaker") -TUL, LotR:1003, Silm:229, WJ:368

COMMANDER cáno ("usually as the title of a lesser chief, especially one acting as the deputy of one higher in rank", PM:345) (governor, chieftain, commander) -PM:345

COMMANDMENT axan (law, rule) -WJ:399

COMMERSE mancalë -MBAKH

COMMUNICATION centa (as in Ósanwë-centa, Communication of Thought. In other contexts, centa must be translated *"enquiry" or *"essay") -MR:415

COMPACT vérë (troth, oath, bond) Pl. probably *vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.) -WED

COMPEL mauya-; COMPULSION mausta -MBAW

COMPLAINT nur (growl) -LT1:263

COMPLETELY aqua (fully, altogether, wholly) -WJ:392

CONCEAL halya- (veil, screen from light) -SKAL

CONCEALED furin or hurin (hidden) -LT2:340

CONCEPTION nóa (pl. nówi), nó (nów-) -NOWO

CONCH hyalma (shell, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL

CONCLUDE telya- (transitive) (wind up, finish); CONCLUSION telma (further defined as "anything used to finish off a work or an affair") -WJ:411

CONFUSED rúcina (shattered, disordered) -MC:223

CONSONANT - Tolkien notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar [sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant". -WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS)

CONSPICOUS minda (prominent) -MIN

CONSTRUCTION tanwë (craft, thing made, construction, devise) ataquë (building) -TAN, TAK

CONTEMPTIBLE faica (mean) -SPAY

CONTINUAL vorima (repeated); CONTINUALLY voro (also voro- in compounds) -BOR

CONTRARY, ON THE - see NO

CONTROL turin ("I...control", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t. turnë) (wield, govern); IN CONTROL OF (possessing) arwa (followed by gen, e.g. *i heru arwa i nerion "the lord in control of the men") -TUR, 3AR

COOKED FOOD apsa (meat) -AP

COPING-STONE see FINISH.

COPPER tambë; OF COPPER tambina; COPPER-COLOURED aira (ruddy, red) -LT1:250, 256, 268

COPULA telluma (altered from earlier telumë under influence of a Valarin word; pl. tellumar is attested) (dome), coromindo (dome) -Nam/WJ:399/411, KOR

CORE endë (centre, middle) -NÉD, ÉNED

CORNFLOWER menelluin (lit. *"sky-blue") -Pictures of J. R. R. Tolkien

CORPOREAL sarcuva (bodily) -LT2:347

CORPSE quelet (pl. queletsi), loico (dead body); CORPSE-CANDLE loicolícuma -KWEL, MC:223

CORRUSCATION russë (+swordblade) -RUS

COTTAGE - LT2:336 has os(t) "house and cottage", but this word is probably obsolete - osto means "city" in mature Quenya.

COUNT - the stem not- can be isolated from the word for "countable", see below. It actually occurs in Etym, but is glossed "reckon" instead. COUNT UP onot- (cf. not- "reckon"), COUNTABLE #nótima (isolated from únótimë "not-countable, numberless", pl.). NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving aside, excluding, except) -NOT, Nam, RGEO:67, WJ:364, 365

COUNTRY nórë (land, race, nation, native land, family), #nórië (only attested in a compound, in the ablative case: sindanóriello, "grey-country-from", "out of a grey country". -NÔ, Nam/RGEO:67

COURAGE huorë (only attested as a proper name: Huorë, lit. "heart-vigour") -KHÔ-N

COURSE tië (line, direction, way, path, road) -TE3, RGEO:67

COURT paca (paved floor) -GL:63

COVER topë (aorist sg) (pa.t. tompë), untúpa- (lit. "down-roof") -TOP, Nam/RGEO:67

COVERING telmë (hood) -TEL

COW (milch cow) yaxë. (An alternative form yaxi, glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.) -GL:36

CRACK ciris (cleft) -LT2:335

CRAFT tanwë (thing made, device, construction); curwë. CRAFTSMAN tano (smith) -KUR

CREATE onta (pa.t. ónë, ontanë) -ONO

CREATURE onna; DEFORMED/HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo (monster) -ONO, ÚLUG

CRESCENT cúnë (bow) -LT1:271

CREST (of wave) wingë (wingi-) (foam, spindrift). LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but in mature Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing". CRESTED WAVE falma -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL

CROOKED hwarin; raica (bent, wrong), rempa (hooked), cauca (bent, humped) -SKWAR, RÁYAK, REP, LT1:260

CROSSBAR hwarma -SKWAR

CROSSING tarna (passage, #ford) -LT2:347

CROW quáco (so in WJ:395; Etym has corco ) -WJ:395, KORKA (see KARKA)

CROWD sanga (throng, press); rimbë (host) -STAG/Silm:438, RIM

CROWN rië; CROWNED rína; STAR-CROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in Silm; Etym has Elerína) -RIG, EL, Silm:42

CRUEL nwalca (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalca must be from older *ngwalca, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalca.) -ÑGWAL

CRUMBLE #ruxa- (only part. ruxala is attested) -MC:222 cf 215

CRYSTAL SUBSTANCE silima (a substance Fëanor alone knew how to make; the Silmarils were made of it. Etymologically, the word apparently means simply *"white-shining thing", or perhaps *"[substance] apt to shine white".) -RGEO:73, Silm:437

CUNNING - LT1:253 has findë, finië, but these words may not be valid in mature Quenya (in Etym, findë means "tress, lock of hair").

CUP yulma -Nam, RGEO:67

CUPOLA coromindo (dome) -KOP

CURUFIN Curufinwë, short form Curvo. (His "mother-name", never used in narrative, was Atarincë.) -PM:352, 353

CURUNÍR Curumo (Saruman) -UT:393, 401

CURVED cúna (bent; cúna is also used as a verbal stem, see BEND) -MC:223

CUSHION nirwa -NID

CUSTODY mando (safe keeping); CASTLE OF CUSTODY Mandos (Mandost-) -MR:350

CUT (vb) rista-; venië (infinitive? stem #ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë (shape), CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) auciri-, (so as to have or or use a required portion:) hóciri- -RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368

CYCLE randa (age) -RAD

<D>

DAERON see DAIRON

DAGGER sicil (knife), naica -SIK, GL:37

DAIRON Sairon -GL:29 (called Daeron in the published Silmarillion)

DALE nal, nallë (dell); DALE-SPRITES tavar (pl. tavarni) -LT1:261, LT1:267

DAMP ringa (chilly, cold) -LT1:265

DANCE (vb) lilta- -LILT

DANGLE linga- -LING

DARE verya- (cf. BOLD) -BER

DARK (adj.) morna (gloomy, sombre, black), nulla (dusky, obscure), lóna (Note: a homonym means "island"), lúrëa (overcast), DARK OR HIDDEN tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep) DARK (noun), hui (fog, murk, night); DARK, DARKNESS mornië, mórë (blackness, night), mor, lúmë (Note: lúmë also means "hour, time"), lómë (night, twilight, gloom), huinë (shadow, gloom); DARK ELVES Moriquendi, Morimor (Lómëarni in LT1:259 is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); DARK ONE (=Morgoth) morion; DARK WEATHER lúrë; DARK LOWERING CLOUD lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested); DARK VALE tumbo (deep valley) -Letters:382, NDUL, DO3, LT1:259, LT1:271, LT1:253, MOR, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, Silm:431, MC:222 cf. 215, WJ:361/Silm:388, Nam/RGEO:67, FS, LT1:259, 269

DAUGHTER yendë, yen, -iel (suffix, e.g. Uinéniel "daughter of Uinen" [UT:182]; this suffix may obsolete the earlier [TLT] ending -wen, mentioned in LT1:271). The stem YEL, from which -iel must be derived, was removed from Etym. However, the UT example just mentioned is from a later text, indicating that Tolkien restored -iel. Perhaps yeldë was restored as the independent word for "daughter" at the same time and is to be preferred to yendë, yen. Distinguish -riel in Altáriel (Galadriel), which does not mean "daughter" and becomes -riell- before an ending. -YÔ, YEL, 182/469

DAWN ára (obsoleting órë in LT1:264; this word means "rising" or "heart" in mature Quenya), +amaurëa (early day) -AR¹ , MC:223

DAY aurë (sunlight; Etym gives arë), arya (= 12 hours), ré (= 24 hours, counted from sunset to sunset), sana (= 24 hours), DAYTIME arië, EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn), DAYLIGHT - LT1:254 gives calma, but this word means "lamp" in LotR. LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, DAYSPRING tuilë -AR¹, Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223, YEN

DEAD firin (= dead by natural cause), qualin (related to qualmë "agony, death" and probably has darker connotations than firin), vanwa (departed, lost, past, gone, vanished, no longer to be had), hessa (withered). DEAD BODY loico (corpse) -KWAL, PHIR, MC:223, LT1:255, WJ:366

DEAR melda (beloved), melin, moina (familiar), #melya (isolated from Melyanna "dear gift", Melian's Quenya name), valda (worth, worthy). Cf. also the "suffix of endearment" -ya mentioned in UT:418: Anardilya *"dear Anardil" (UT:174). -MEL, MOY, Silm:434, GL:23

DEATH qualmë, unqualë (agony), nuru (Nuru = Mandos), fairë (natural death [as act]) (Note: fairë also means "radiance" and "phantom", and even [in LT1:250] "free"), urdu -KWAL/LT1:264, ÑGUR, PHIR, LT2:342

DECLIVITY pendë (downslape, slope) -PEN

DEEP tumna (low-lying, low, profound, dark or hidden), núra; DEEP VALLEY tumbo (dark vale) -NÛ, TUB

DEFORMED CREATURE ulundo (hideous creature, monster) -ÚLUG

DELL nal, nallë (dale) -LT1:261

DEMON rauko (pl. #raukar, isolated from Valaraukar "Balrogs". LT1:250 gives araukë; WJ:415 has rauko and arauko, defined as "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature".) See also ORC. -RUK, Silm:436, WJ:415

DENETHOR Nanisáro (þ) -LR:188

DENTAL SERIES tincotéma (t-series) -LotR:1154

DENY lala- (Note: a homonym means "laugh".) -LA

DEPART vanya- (pa.t. vannë). Lendë pa.t. of lelya/linna "go" is also glossed as "departed". DEPARTED (adj) vanwa (gone, vanished, lost, past, no longer to be had, dead) -WAN, LED, WJ:366, Nam

DESCENDANT indyo (grandchild) (Indyo looks like Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in Noldorin Quenya. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) MALE DESCENDANT yondo (son) (In LT2:344, it is said that yondo usually meant "(great) grandson", but in mature Quenya it simply means "son".) -ÑGYO(N)

DESERT erumë (cf. Eruman a desert north-east of Valinor) -ERE

DESERTED erda (solitary) -LT1:269

DESIRE (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem #mer-, pa.t. mernë) (want, wish); DESIRE (noun) írë, milmë (greed). (Note: írë also means "when". The stem YES yields a word yesta "desire", but this clashes with the corrected/updated form of esta - see FIRST.) DESIREABLE írima (loveable), DESIRER Irmo (name of a Vala) -MER, ID, MIL-IK, YES, WJ:403

DESTINE martya-; DESTINY maranwë -MBARAT

DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma (lit. *"base-vowel, root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes: "Very briefly indeed, the Quendian consonantal base or sundo was characterized by a 'determinant vowel' or sundóma: thus the sundo KAT has a medial sundóma 'A', and TALAT has the sundóma repeated. In derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the first consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") -WJ:319

DEVICE tanwë (craft, thing made, construction) -TAN

DEVISE auta- (originate, invent) -GAWA

DEW rossë (fine rain, spray), rin. DEWY nítë (moist) -ROS/Letters:282, LT1:265, NEI

DEXTEROUS formaitë (right-handed) -PHOR

DIACRITIC tehta (mark [in writing], sign) (In LotR:1155, the word is applied to the supralinear vowel-marks of Fëanorian writing, and pl. tehtar is attested.) -TEK, LotR:1155

DIALECT - Tolkien notes that the word lambë was originally "nearer to our 'dialect' than to 'language', but later when the Eldar became aware of other tongues, not intelligible without study, lambe naturally became applied to the seperate languages of any people or region." Thus, lambë can hardly be used for "dialect" in Exilic Quenya. -WJ:394

DICTUM eques (pl. equessi) (proverbial dictum, quotation, saying) -WJ:392

DIE fir- (fade) -MC:223

DIPHTONG #samna (only pl samnar is attested. Distinct in Tengwar spelling from samna "wooden post", that is spelt with initial súlë instead of silmë.) -SAM

DIM TO SEE néca (vague, faint) (Pl nécë is attested) -MC:223, 222

DIRE aica (fell, terrible, sharp) -PM:347

DIRECTION tië (course, line, pathway, road) -TE3/RGEO:67

DIRTY vára (soiled) -WA3

DISAPPEAR vanya- (pa.t. vannë. Note: a homonym of vanya means "beautiful") (go, depart) -WAN

DISCOLOURED púrëa (smeared) -MC:223

DISEMBODIED SPIRIT see SPIRIT

DISGUST - feel disgust at feuya- -PHEW

DISH venë (small boat, vessel) -LT1:254

DISORDERED rúcina (confused, shattered) -MC:223

DIVIDE IN MIDDLE perya- (halve) (After perya-, a word perina is mentioned; it is undefined but must be the corresponding past participle: *"divided in middle, halved".) -PER

DIVINE valaina (= "of or belonging to the Valar", probably not to be used with reference to the One who is above them); DIVINITY valassë -BAL

DO NOT uin, umin ("I do not", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t. úmë) (also = "am not" - see BE); DO NOT! (imperative) vá! (also = I will not); DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva carë!

-UGU/UMU, WJ:371

DOER tyaro (actor, agent) -KYAR

DOG huo -KHUG

DOME telluma (pl. tellumar is attested) (copula), coromindo (cupola) -Nam/WJ:399, KOR

DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva carë! -WJ:371

DOOM manar, mandë (final end, fate, fortune, final bliss); umbar- (umbart-) (fate) In the story of Túrin Turambar, it seems that ambar means "doom": Turambar is said to mean "Master of Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the instrumental case: ambartanen "by doom". Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar "Fate". But in Etym, ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix E confirms that "fate" is umbar. DOOM RING Máhanaxar (a foreign word in Quenya, adopted and adapted from Valarin.) -MAN/MANAD, MBARAT, Silm:261, 269, LotR:1157, WJ:399

DORIATH #Lestanórë (only gen. Lestanórëo is attested) -WJ:369

DORLÓMIN Lóminórë -WJ:145

DOT pica (small spot), tixë (tiny mark, point), amatixë, nuntixë (points over and under the line of writing respectively) -PIK, TIK

DOUBLE (prob. adj) atwa, tanta; DOUBLE (vb) tatya- (repeat). (Note: tatya also means "second".) -AT(AT), TATA

DOUG maxë -MASAG

DOVE cu, cua (perhaps m. and f. respectively) -KÛ

DOWN undu (under, beneath); DOWN-FALL atalantë, atalantië (collapse); DOWN-FALLEN atalantëa (pl atalantië is attested) (ruinous); DOWN BELOW (adv.) nún (underneath); "DOWN-LICK" (i.e., cover completely) #undulav- (only pa.t. undulávë is attested) -UNU, NÛ, MC:222, 223/Letters:347, RGEO:67/Nam

DOWNSLOPE pendë (slope, declivity) -PEN/PÉNED

DRAGON lókë (serpent, snake; "so do the Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85), angulókë, fenumë; WINGED DRAGON rámalókë; FIRE-DRAGON urulókë (pl. Urulóki is attested in Silm:138, there capitalized); SPARK-DRAGON fëalókë; FISH-DRAGON lingwilókë (sea-serpent) -LOK; cf. ANGWA, LT2:341, RAM, UR, PHAY, LIW

DRAKE (LT2:340) see DRAGON

DRAUGHT #yulda (only pl. yuldar is attested), suhto -Nam, SUK

DRAW tucin ("I draw", 1. pers. aorist); DRAW WATER calpa- (bale out, scoop out); DRAWING #halmë (isolated from Turuhalmë "Log-drawing") -KALPA, LotR:270

DREAD aista- -GAYAS

DREAM (noun) olor, olórë, lor; DREAMY olosta, olórëa -LOS, LT1:259, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, UT:396

DRINK (vb) sucin ("I drink", 1. pers. aorist); DRINK OF THE VALAR limpë (so glossed under LIP; "drink of the fairies" in LT1:258) or míruvórë (LT1:261); DRINKING yulmë (carousal) (Note: a homonym means "smouldering heat"); DRINKING-VESSEL yulma (cup), sungwa. -SUK, WJ:416/Nam

DRIP lipte- -LT1:258

DROP (noun) limba; LITTLE DROP liptë -LIB, LT1:258

DROWNED quorin (choked) -LT1:264

DROWSY lorda (slumbrous) -LT1:259

DRÛ rú (wose), DRÚADAN Rúatan (pl. Rúatani is given but seems perfectly regular) -UT:385

DRY (prob. adj not vb) parca -PÁRAK

DRYAD tavaro, tavaron (m.), tavaril (f.), nandin (further defined as "fay of the country") -TÁWAR, LT1:261

DUILIN Tulindo; HOUSE OF DUILIN Nossë Tuilinda (Tuilinda must be an adjectival form of Tuilindo) -LT2:338

DÚNEDAIN Núnatani -WJ:386

DUSK histë (also hísë, but this clashes with a word meaning "fog, mist"), lómë (night, gloom, darkness, twilight) -LT1:255

DUSKY nulla (dark, obscure) -NDUL

DUST asto -ÁS-AT

DWARF Nauco (pl. Naucor is attested; LT1:261 gives nauca instead of nauco), Norno (Naucalië, Nornalië = the whole people of the Dwarves) Casar (pl. Casari or Casári; partitive plural Casalli; the whole people of the Dwarves being called Casallië. According to WJ, Casar - Quenyaized form of Dwarvish Khazâd - "was the word most commonly used in Quenya for the Dwarves". Nauco "stunted one" and norno "thrawn one" are less polite words for "dwarf"; yet norno is stated to be "the more friendly term". But the Dwarves themselves would definitely prefer Casar.) PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small dwarves"), Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"). DWARROWVAULT Casarrondo (Khazad-dûm) -NAUK, WJ:388, 389

DWELLER mardo, DWELLING (noun) mar (mas-) (home), DWELLING (adj) #farnë (a pl form? Sg farna? Only attested in the compound orofarnë "mountain-dwelling". Note: farnë is also the pa.t. of farya- "suffice"); DWELLING-PLACE nórë (land, region where certain people live, nation, native land, family); DWELLING UNDERGROUND hróta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall) -LT1:251, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, NDOR, PM:365

DWINDLE píca (part. pícala is attested) (lessen) -MC:223, 222

<E>

EACH máca -GL:41

EAGLE soron, sornë (þ) (pl. sorni) (So in Etym; Letters:427 has sorno, thorno, LT1:266 also has sor. Soron/sorno obsoletes ea, earen in LT1:251 and LT2:338 - besides, ëa means "is" in mature Quenya.) KING OF EAGLES Sorontur, "EAGLE-HORN" (a great height in Númenor) Sorontil -THOR, Letters:427, UT:465

EARLY arinya; EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn); EARLY MORN tuilë (dayspring, spring-time) -AR¹, MC:223, TUY

EARTH cemen, kemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén, but later cemen evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen [kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens". LT1:257 also has cemi "earth, soil, land" and Kémi "Mother Earth".) EARTH-QUEEN Kementári (Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemina. (LT2:343 gives indi "earthdwellers", another word for "men", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) EARTH (= world) Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead of Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be "habitation") -KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409

EAST rómen (allative Rómenna and ablative Rómello in Namárië is capitalized), róna; EASTERN rómenya (Entar, Entardar "Outer Lands, Middle-earth" is also glossed as "East" once, as opposed to the Blessed Realm of the West.) The words órë "dawn, Sunrise, East" and its corresponding adjective órëa (LT1:264) are probably not valid words in mature Quenya; see DAWN. Neither can Ostar "East" be a valid word; see GATE. EAST-VICTOR Rómendacil (one of the Kings of Gondor) EAST-LANDS Orrostar (a region in Númenor) -RÔ/LotR:1157, UT:463, Nam, EN, LotR:1075, 1081, UT:165, 459

EAT mat- -MAT

ECHO láma (ringing sound - so in Etym, but see SOUND), nalláma (In Etym, the second a of the latter word has an undefined diacritic here represented by '.) ECHOING lámina -LAM

EDDY hwinya- (swirl, gyrate); hwindë (whirlpool) -SWIN

EDGE réna, ríma -REG, RÎ

EGLATH (or EGLAIN, EGLADHRIM) Heceldi (the "Forsaken" Elves, especially the Eldar left in Beleriand; sg Hecel is given. MR:170 has Ecelli.) -WJ:365 cf. Silm:68

EIGHT tolto -TOL¹-OTH/OT

ELBOW ólemë -LT1:258

ELEPHANT andamunda -MBUD

ELEVEN minquë -MINIK-W-, LT1:260

ELF quendë (generic, seldom used in sg; pl Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-spesific forms quendu m. and quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl. quendur and quendir is attested), Elda (originally generic, but later [MET] used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar, Teleri] only. That was at least the proper usage: Elda was the normal word for "elf" in Valinor, as all Elves there were Eldar. An archaic variant of Elda was Eldo.) ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg #Amanya), ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD MARCH (from Cuiviénen) Avari (sg Avar in WJ:371; Avar or Avaro in Etym), also called Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman, because they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those who did not in the event reach Aman", though they did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these are also called Heceldi or Ecelli, see EGLATH). See also DARK ELVES, GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE ELF. Cf. also ELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa (adj only; "Elvish" meaning Elvish language is simply Eldarin. Properly, these words for "Elvish" apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.) Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi, "Quendian"; this remained a learned word) -WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED, Silm:424, AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407

ELF-FRIEND Elendil (actually meaning *"star-friend". Tolkien notes: "It is not surprising that the Edain...found it difficult to discern whether words and names containing the element el referred to the stars or to the Elves. This is seen in the name Elendil, which was meant to bear the sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a lover or student of the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would have been more correctly represented by Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") -WJ:410

ELF-LOVER #Eldameldo (pl Eldameldor in WJ:417)

ELF-STONE Elessar (Aragorn's royal name, prob. *Elessard-, cf. STONE. The literal meaning is *Star-stone, not Elf-stone - but the Edain confused elen "star" and elda "elf". Cf. Elendil; see ELF-FRIEND above.) -LotR:395, 897

ELM-TREE alalmë, lalmë; LAND OF ELMS Alalminórë (Warwickshire) -ÁLAM/LT1:249, LÁLAM

EMBER yúla (smouldering wood) -YUL

EMINENT MAN aráto (champion) -Silm:428

EMIT LIGHT faina- PHAY

EMPTY lusta (void), cumna -LUS, KUM

ENCHANT luhta-; ENCHANTMENT lúcë -LUK

ENCLOSURE panda; CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE corin -PAD, KOR

END (noun) metta, mentë, tyel, tyeldë, telu; THE ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar-metta; END (vb) tele- (intransitive) (finish - so in WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu-), tyel- (cease), PUT AN END TO metya- -LotR:1003, MET, LT1:267, WJ:411, KYEL

ENDLESS PERIOD oio -UT:317

ENDURANCE voronwië (lasting quality); ENDURING voronwa (long-lasting) -BORÓN

ENEMY cotumo -KOT

ENGLAND - see FAËRY.

ENOUGH farëa (sufficient) -PHAR

*ENQUIRY centa (as in Essecenta Eldarin wa, probably meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names", as Tolkien described the work as an "Enquiry into the origins of Elvish names for Elves". Another possible translation of centa may be *"essay". However, the only gloss Tolkien gives of centa is "communication", q.v.) -MR:415

ENTRANCE (to harbour) londë (road [in sea], also translated "haven", q.v.)

ENVELOPE (noun) vaiya, vaia (both with alternative, possibly older [MET] forms in w-). -WAY

EXPIRE fírë- (perf. fírië ["has breathed forth"] is attested; *ifírië may be the more usual form) -MR:250

ERRANT ránen -RAN

ESCAPE (vb) usin (glossed "he escapes" in LT:251, but in mature Quenya it would have to mean, if anything, *"I escape" - 1. pers. aorist); ESCAPE (noun) uswë (issue) -LT1:251

*ESSAY see *ENQUIRY.

ESTABLISH tulca- (fix, set up. Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable".) -LT1:270 cf. TULUK

ETERNAL oira -OY

EVENING andúnë (sunset, west), sinyë -MC:222, THIN

EVER oi, voro, vor (continually) (pref. #oio-, vor-, voro-), EVERWHITE, EVER-SNOW-WHITE Oiolossë (a name for Taniquetil; gen Oiolossëo is attested in Nam, where it has an ablatival meaning); EVERSUMMER Oiolairë, EVERLASTING oia, vorima; EVERLASTING [?AGE] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) oirë, oialë; FOR EVER, EVERLASTINGLY oialë (evidently the noun just mentioned used as an adverb), tennoio -OY, UT:458, BOR, LT1:250/273, Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:429, UT:317

EVERY máca -GL:41

EVERYBODY ilquen; EVERYTHING ilqua -WJ:372, IL

EVIL úmëa, #ulca (isolated from henulca, see below); EVILEYED henulca; EVIL-SMELLING saura (þ) (foul, putrid) - in compounds #sauri-, see FOUL. FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED). -SD:68, 72, UGU, THUS, WJ:399

EXALTED ONES Aratar (pl; sg #Arata). The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "High Ones, The Supreme" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402

EXCEPT hequa (leaving aside, not counting, excluding) -WJ:364, 365

EXCLUDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, abandon, forsake); EXCLUDING hequa (leaving aside, not counting, except) -WJ:364, 365

EXPAND palu-, palya- (spread, extend, open wide); EXPANSIVE palla (wide) -PAL

EXPIRE fírë- (originally used of "one sighing or releasing a deep breath", but also used of Míriel when she "breathed forth" and died; later used of the death of mortals. Perf. fírië is attested; *ifírië with prefix sundóma is probably also a possible form.) -MR:250

EXTEND palu-, palya- (spread, expand, open wide); EXTENDED taina (lengthened); EXTENSION tailë (lengthening) -PAL, TAY

EYE hen (hend-) (normal pl. hendi as well as the dual form #hendu are attested [isolated from hendumaica, WJ:337]; #hendu would be used of a natural pair of eyes). SHARP-EYE hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë -KHEN-D-E, WJ:337, LT1:262

EYRIE sornion (þ) (lit. gen.pl "of eagles"?). -LT1:266. (LT1:251 gives ëaren, but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya [see EAGLE])

<F>

FACE anta -ANA

FADE sinta- (þ) (pa.t. sintanë is given, though it seems perfectly regular), fir- (die), fifíru- ("slowly fade away", frequentative form of fir-; the participal form fifírula is attested); FADING quellë (In the Calendar of Imladris, quellë was a precisely defined period of 54 days in late autumn. Also called lasselanta; see AUTUMN.) -THIN, MC:222/223, LotR:1141

FAËRY Inwilis, Inwinórë (another gloss, "England", was struck out) -LT1:256

FAINT néca (vague, dim to see) -MC:222/223

FAIR vanima (beautiful, proper, right), vanë, melima, linda (beautiful); FAIR FOLK Vanimo (pl. Vanimor is given but seems perfectly regular; the word is said to apply to the "children of the Valar"). FAIR-MINDED faila (generous, just) -BAN, LT1:272, MEL, SLIN, PM:352

FAITHFUL voronda, vórima (steadfast) -UT:317, LT1:250

FALL (vb) lanta- (pres. pl. lantar, pl. past lantaner and part. #lantala are attested); FALL (noun) lanta or #lantë. (The first of these words occurs in the compound lasselanta "leaf-fall, Autumn", while #lantë is isolated from Noldolantë "the Fall of the Noldor". From these examples it appears that a lanta is a physical fall, while a lantë is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter word can also be applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall of Gondolin".) THE FALLEN (= Númenor) Atalantë -DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam, SD:246, LT1:254, Silm:102/414, TALÁT

FALLOW marya (fawn, pale), malwa (pale) -MAD, SMAL

FAMILIAR moina (dear) -MOY

FAMILY nossë (clan, "house"), nórë, -nor (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, native land) -NÔ, LT1:272

FANE yána (holy place, sanctuary) -YAN

FANG carca (tooth, tusk) -Silm:429, LT2:344

FAR haira, eccaira, avahaira; FAR AWAY (adj) vahaia, FAR AWAY, FAR OFF (adv.) háya; FAR AND WIDE palan; FAR-SEER palantir, "FAR-WANDERER" (the name of a ship) Palarran -KHAYA, SD:247, Silm:435, TIR, UT:460

FAREWELL namárië -Nam

FARMER nandor (perhaps obsolete in mature Quenya, clashing with the name of the Nandor.) -LT1:261

FASTEN tacë (3. pers. sg. aorist), pa.t. tancë. -TAK

FAT tiuca (thick); GROW FAT tiuya- (swell) -TIW

FATE umbar (umbart-) (doom; the form amarto in LT2:348 is no doubt obsolete, but ambar from the same source may be a valid word also in mature Quenya - see DOOM), marto (fortune, lot); manar, mandë (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]); FATED marta -MBARAT/LotR:1157, MANAD

FATHER atar (pl. atári in Silm, though Etym has atari). FATHER OF ALL Ilúvatar (God) -Silm:428, 229/ATA/LT1:255, Silm:404/UT:446

FATHOM rangwë -RAK

FAWN marya (fallow, pale) -MAD

FAY OF THE COUNTRY nandin (dryad), FAY OF THE MEADS Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested) (field-spirit) -LT1:261, 262

FËANOR Fëanáro (Spirit of Fire) -Silm:397/435, MR:217

FEAR (noun) caurë; FEAR (vb) - rucin is glossed "I feel fear or horror", constructed with "from" of the object feared (e.g. *rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -LT1:257, WJ:415

FEAST meren (merend-), merendë (festival); FESTIVE merya -MBER

FEATHER quessë -KWES, LotR:1157

FEBRUARY Nénimë (Amillion in LT1:249 is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

FEEL FEAR OR HORROR rucin (1. pers. aorist), constructed with "from" of the object feared. -WJ:415

FELL (adj) aica (sharp, terrible, dire). -PM:347

FELL (noun) helma (skin) -SKEL

FEMALE (noun) ní, FEMALE (adj.) inya, inimeitë (pl. probably *inimeisi; cf. HANDED, LEAPING, WINDY) -INI

FENCED FIELD peler, FENCING OR DEFENSIVE HEIGHTS Pelóri -PEL(ES), WJ:403

FESTIVAL asar (Vanyarin athar) (fixed time), meren (merend-), merendë (feast); FESTIVE merya -WJ:399, MBER

FETCH tulta- (send for, summon) -TUL

FEY marta (fated) -MBARAT

FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested) (fay of the meads) -LT1:262

FIERY uruitë, úruva (The stem from which these words are derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. LT1:248 also gives sára "fiery", but this word is probably obsoleted by sára "bitter" in Etym.) -UR

FIGHT mahta- (wield a weapon) -MAK

FILL quat- (fut #quantuva is attested in enquantuva, "will refill") -WJ:392, Nam; cf. KWAT

FINAL tyelima, métima (ultimate, last); FINAL END mande, manar (fortune, bliss, fate), telda (last) -MC:222 cf. 215, MANAD, WJ:411

FINARFIN Arafinwë -MR:230

FIND #hir- (only fut hiruva is attested), #tuv- (only perf #utúvië is attested [with pronominal endings: utúvienyes "I have found it"]). It is difficult to say what distintion in meaning there may be between these words (if any at all); the verb #tuv- is evidently the same as tuvu- in GL:71, there glossed "receive". -Nam/RGEO:67, LotR:1008

FINE tereva (acute, piercing) -TER

FINE RAIN rossë (dew, spray) -ROS cf. Letters:282

FINGER lepsë; FINGERED #l epta (isolated from raccalepta "clawfingered") -LEP, SD:68, 72

FINGON Findecáno -PM:345

FINISH (vb) tele- (intransitive) (end) (so in WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu-) telya- (transitive) (wind up, conclude). Cf. also telma "conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair", "often applied to the last item in a structure, such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle." FINISH (noun) telu -WJ:411, LT1:267

FINROD Findaráto -Silm:428/PM:346

FIRE úr (the stem from which this word is derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. But a more usual word for "fire" is apparently nár, nárë, which appear [with the masculine ending -o] in the following names:) SPIRIT OF FIRE Fëanáro (Fëanor), FELL FIRE Aicanáro (Sharp Flame, Aegnor) (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár). LT1:265 has sá "fire", poetic form sai, also sairin "fiery"; cf. also Sáya "the fire-fay" in GL:66. LT:271 has the following "fire"-words: FIRE uru, FIERY uruvoitë, ON FIRE urwa, LIKE FIRE urúva. Cf. also FIREWOOD turu (but the word was also used of wood in general). BOWL OF FIRE tanyasalpë (evindently #tanya "fire" + #salpë "bowl") -UR, Silm:397, MR:217, LT1:265, 270, 271, 292

FIRM tulca (strong, immovable, steadfast; Note: there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), tulunca (steady), sanda (true, abiding), tanca (fixed, sure) -TULUK, LT1:270, STAN, TAK

FIRST minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the first clan among the Elves), inga, *yesta; FIRSTBORN (= the Elves) Minnónar. (*Yesta is corrected from the actual reading esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has Estanessi, which would similarly become *Yestanessi, but this word is propably obsoleted by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers should use the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon (a personal name. The element yon, translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo "son". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, Minyon may be the adjective minya "first" turned into a masculine name by adding the masculine ending -on. In that case, the literal meaning is simply *"First One". But it is possible that on is actually derived from the stem ONO "beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal meaning.) -MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403

FISH lingwë (perhaps the general word, as opposed to hala), SMALL FISH hala, "FISH-WATCHER" (i.e., kingsfisher, a bird) halatir (halatirn-) or halatirno -LIW, SKAL², TIR

FIST quárë (often used to mean "hand"). (In compounds -quar: Telperinquar = Sindarin Celebrimbor, "Silver-Fist, Hand of Silver". The first version of the stem KWAR yielded quár pl. quari.) -KWAR, Silm:429/387

FIT mára (useful, good) -MAG

FIVE lempë -LEP/GL:53

FIX panya- (set), tulca- (establish, set up. Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable"); FIXED tanca (sure, firm); BE FIXED mar- (abide, be settled). FIXED TIME asar (-th-, Vanyarin athar) (festival), FIXED IDEA see IDEA -PAN, LT1:270 cf. TULUK, TAK, UT:317, WJ:399

FLAG ambal (shaped stone) -MBAL

FLAME nár, nárë, velca; SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár), (Aegnor, Fell Fire), RED FLAME rúnya; HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), FLAME-COLOURED culina, culda (golden-red) -NAR¹, LT1:260, Silm:437, MR:198, KUL

FLAT lára -DAL

FLEECE uë -LT1:249

FLESH hrávë, sarco; FLESHY sarqua -MR:349, LT2:347

FLINTHEARTED sincahonda -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72

?FLINTSTONE #sinca (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted") -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72

FLOAT lutu- (LT1:273 has wili- "sail, float, fly", but see FLY.) -LT1:249

FLOOD (tide), celumë (stream, flow, flowing), ulundë, lúto; FLOODING (adj) úlëa (flowing, pouring) -ULU, KEL/MC:223, LT1:249

FLOOR talan (pl talami) (ground); PAVED FLOOR paca (court) -TAL, GL:63

FLOUR porë (meal) -POR

FLOURISH (noun) rincë (quick shake) -RIK

FLOW (vb) sir-, lutta-, lutu-; FLOW, FLOWING (noun) celumë (stream, flood); FLOWING (adj) úlëa (flooding, pouring), sírima (liquid). -SIR, LT1:249, KEL/MC:223, LT1:265

FLOWER (large and single) lótë (often -lot in compounds). (The word lótë is usually applied to a large, single flower. From *ambalotsë "uprising-flower" [q.v.] #lotsë can be isolated; this may be the more general word for "flower".) FLOWER OF THE WEST (a floral design) Númellóte. Cf. also indil, "lily, or other large single flower". PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout) -LOT(H), LT1:259, WJ:318, UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258

FLUTE simpa, simpina (pipe); FLUTER timpinen -LT1:266, 268

FLUTTERING TO AND FRO wilwa -MC:223

FLY wilin ("I fly", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. willë (cf. wili- "sail, float, fly" in LT1:273). FLY OR STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu- (part. hlápula is attested), FLYING rimpa (rushing); SEND FLYING horta- -WIL, MC:223, RIP, KHOR

FOAM (vb) falasta- (part. falastala is attested); FOAM (noun) fallë, winga (spray), wingë (wingi-) (crest [of wave], spindrift). -MC:222/223, PHAL, WIG, LT1:273

FOG hísë (mist. Note: a homonym means "dusk"), hiswë, hui (murk, dark, night) -KHIS, LT1:253

FOIL (plant) asëa (þ) -LotR:899

FOLIAGE olassië (collection of leaves) -Letters:282

FOLK hos -LT2:340

FOLLOW hilya- FOLLOWER neuro; FOLLOWERS (an Elvish name of Men) Hildor, Hildi (unattested sg #Hildo; dative pl hildin is attested; cf also Hildinyar "my heirs" in Aragorn's oath) -KHIL/Silm:116/122/403, FS/WJ:387, LotR:1003, 1004

FOOD (cooked) apsa -AP

FOOT tál (tal-) (These forms probably obsolete tala pl talwi in LT2:347.) FOOTPRINT runya (slot) -TAL, RUN

FOR an (Nam: an sí...Varda...máryat...ortanë, "for now...Varda...has uplifted her hands". Note: an is also glossed "to, till".) English "for" meaning "for the benefit of" will often be rendered by the dative ending -n (pl -in); e.g. nin "for me". -Nam

FORBID váquet- (refuse, say no) (1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given) avaquet- (refuse) (pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë; cf. quet- under SAY) -WJ:370, KWET

#FORD tarna (This gloss is isolated from Taruktarna "Oxford", q.v. Tolkien glossed tarna as "crossing, passage") -LT1:347

?FOREIGN (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) ettelen -ET

FORESIGHT *apacen (lit. *"after-sight", a vision of something that will come after the present. In MR:216, apacenyë is translated "foresight"; yet the context and the form of the word itself clearly indicates that it is actually the pl. form of an adjective #apacenya "of foresight". The noun "foresight" is almost certainly *apacen; cf. tercen "insight".) -MR:216

FOREST taurë ([great] wood) (pl. tauri is attested), tauno, málos (the two latter may not be valid words in mature Quenya) -TAWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf 215, LT2:342, LT1:267

FORGE - LT1:250 gives tamin, but this word is probably obsoleted by tamin "I tap" in Etym.

FORM car- (make, q.v.) -WJ:391

FORMER, THE yara (that); FORMER DAYS yárë; FORMER TIMES yalúmë; FORMERLY yá (ago), BELONGING TO OR DESCENDING FROM FORMER TIMES yára (ancient) -YA

FORSAKE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon); FORSAKEN ELVES see EGLATH. ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365

FORT arta (fortress) (Note: arta also means "across, athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)

FORTH et- (prefix) (out) -ET

FORTRESS arta (fort) (Note: arta also means "across, athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)

FORTUNE (good) alma (weal, wealth); mandë, manar (final end, doom, fate); heren (governance, what is in store for one or what one has in store); marto (fate, lot); FORTUNATE herenya (wealthy, blessed, rich) -GALA, MAN/MANAD, KHER, LT2:348

FOUL saura (þ) (evil-smelling, putrid); in compounds sauri- as in FOULBELLIED sauricumba -THUS, SD:68, 72

FOUNDATION talma (base, root) -TAL

FOUNTAIN ehtelë (issue of water, spring).The actual readng in LT1 and LT2 is ektelë, but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya. The new form of the word is attested in Silm. LT also gives the form kektelë, that would likewise become *cehtelë.) -LT1:257, LT2:338

FOUR canta, (prefix:) can- -KANÁT

FOX rusco -PM:353

FREE mirima (of a person, as opposed to the following:) latin, latina (open, cleared [of land]). (A word fairë "free" is mentioned in LT1:250, but may be obsolete: several other meanings are attributed to this word in later writings [see DEATH, PHANTOM, RADIANCE]. However, fairië "freedom" does not clash with later words.) FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED) -LAT, MIS, WJ:399

FREEZE niquë- ("it is cold, it freezes"). LT1:254 gives hilcin "it freezes", but in mature Quenya this will have to mean, if anything, "I freeze" (1. pers. aorist). -WJ:417, LT1:254

FREQUENT rimba -RIM

FRESH venya, wenya (yellow-green, green); FRESHNESS vén, wén (youth, greenness) -GWEN

FRESHLET celussë (water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring) -UT:426

FRIEND málo, meldo (pl meldor is attested), nildo (m.), nildë (f.), sermo, seron (m.), sermë (f.), -ser (final element in compounds), -(n)dil (final element in compounds, e.g. Elendil, Anardil, Valandil - sometimes translated "lover" rather than "friend". When the first part of the compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of -ndil is left out). FRIENDLY nilda (lovely), FRIENDSHIP nilmë -MEL, WJ:412, NIL, SER, Letters:386

FROM ho - English "from" will often be rendered by the ablative case, endings -llo, pl -llon or -llor, dual -lto, e.g. Eärello *"from the Sea". -3O, LotR:1003

FROST nixë, ringwë (rime), FROST-PATTERNS niquis, niquessë (the latter by association with quessë "feather") -WJ:417, LT1:265

FROZEN halcin -LT1:254

FRUIT yávë (so in Etym and Silm:439; LT1:273 has yáva). BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1. person aorist when mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -YAB, LT1:273

FULL quanta; FULLY aqua (completely, altogether, wholly); FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation - probably the symbol :) pusta (stop) -KWAT, WJ:392, PUS

FUNGUS hwan (pl hwandi) (sponge) -SWAD

<G>

GALADRIEL Altáriel (Altariell-; gen. Altariello is attested. Altáriel is the form used in Noldorin Quenya, Galadriel's own mother-tongue; the Telerin form is Alatáriel [UT:266]. According to PM:347 [that gives Altariel with no long á] the true Quenya equivalent of the Telerin form would have been Ñaltariel, but this form was apparently not used.) -Silm:433, RGEO:66

GAME tyalië (sport, play) -TYAL/LT1:260

GANDALF Olórin (his name in Valinor, derived from a stem meaning "dream" - not an actual translation of "Gandalf", meaning "Elf of the Wand", a name he was given by people who did not know that he was actually a Maia.) -LotR:391, UT:396 cf. 391

GAOL #mando (isolated from Angamando "Iron-Gaol"; mando is also defined as "safe keeping"). -MR:350

GAP fásë (gulf) -GL:36

GARLAND ría (wreathe); MAIDEN CROWNED WITH A FESTIVAL GARLAND riellë -PM:347

GASH cirissë (slash), hyatsë (cleft) -KIRIS, SYAD

GATE ando; GREAT GATE andon (pl andondi). (LT1:264 has osto "the gates of the Sun" and Ostor "East", but in mature Quenya osto means "town".) -AD, LotR:1157, LT1:264

GATHER hosta- (collect, assemble); GATHERING (of three or more coming from different directions) yomenië (meeting) -MC:223, WJ:407

GENEROUS faila (fair-minded, just) -PM:352

GENTLE moica (soft), GENTLE BREEZE vílë -GL:58, LT1:273

GET LOW (of the Sun) númeta-, númenda- -LT1:263

GERM erdë (seed. Note: a homonym means "person".) -ERÉD

GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:395

GIANT norsa (þ) (see also MONSTER) -NOROTH

GIFT anna; GIVE anta- (present); GIVER antë (f), anto (m) (the latter word from Etym is probably obsoleted by anto "mouth" in LotR:1157 - an alternative word for "[male] giver" might be *antaro). LAND OF GIFT (a name of Númenor) Andor (haplology of *Annandor), DEAR GIFT (the meaning of Melian's name) Melyanna -ANA, LotR:1157, Silm:313, 434

GIMILZÔR Telemnar -UT:223

GIMLET teret (auger) -LT1:255

GIRDLE #lesta (isolated from #Lestanórë; see DORIATH. #Lesta is the cognate of Sindarin lest as in Lest [or List] Melian "the Girdle of Melian" [WJ:228]. Note: #lesta also means "measure".) -WJ:369, Silm:390

GIRL wen (pl. wendi) (maid) -LT1:271

GIVE anta- -ANA

GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in later sources, nost a- is glossed "beget") -LT1:272

GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This word encompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".) -MR:217

GLAMHOTH Sancossi (see GOBLIN) -LT2:341

GLASS hyellë; LITTLE GLASS lipil. Cf. also vírin, "a magic glassy substance of great lucency used in fashioning the Moon" -KHYEL, LT1:258, LT2:339

GLAURUNG see GLORUND

GLEAM (WHITE) ilca- (part. ilcala is attested) -MC:223

GLINT (vb) tinë (pres 3. pers sg); GLINT (noun) tindë, wintil; GLINTING tinda (silver) -TIN, LT1:261

GLITTER mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (brilliance); GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION nalta (radiance - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -MBIRIL, RIL, PM:347

GLOBE coron; GLOBED corna (round) -KOR

GLOOM ungwë, lumbë (shadow); GLOOMY morna (black, dark, sombre), huinë (darkness, shadow), lómë (night, twilight, darkness, dusk), yaru; CHILD OF GLOOM lómëar (probably not a valid word in mature Quenya) -UÑG, LUM, GL:37, LT1:255, Silm:431

GLORIOUS alcarinqua (radiant) (The shorter form alcarin is attested as a title of king Atanatar II. Cf. also Alcarinquë, a name of Jupiter.) -AKLA-R-, WJ:412, RGEO:73/LotR:1075, Silm:55

GLORUND, GLORUNN Laurundo, Undolaurë (Tolkien later changed Glorund to Glaurung. Read *Laurungo, *Ungolaurë in Quenya?) -LT2:341

GLORY alcar, alcarë (splendour, brilliance) -AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/ UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427

GNOME (only = wise one, Noldo) Noldo (spelt Ngoldo in tengwar writing, reflecting the earlier pronounciation); pl. Noldor is attested. GNOMISH (general adjective:) Noldorinwa, (Gnomish language:) Noldorin, GNOME-LAND Noldomar -LT1:262, Silm:61, LotR:1157

GO lelya- or linna- (pa.t. lendë in both cases) (proceed, travel); vanya- (pa.t. vannë) (depart, disappear), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return); GO ATHWART tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t. oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, rather meaning to be lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. GONE vanwa (departed, vanished, dead, lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -WJ:363, LED, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, 366

GOAT - she-goat: nyéni -LT1:262

GOBLET súlo, fion -SUG (see SUK), LT1:253

GOBLIN (Orc) urco (pl urqui) or orco (pl. orqui or orcor); THE GOBLINS Sancossi (sancë "hateful" + hossi "armies", said to be the Quenya equivalent of Sindarin Glamhoth) -ÓROK, LT2:202/MR:74/WJ:390, LT2:341

GOD Eru ("The One, He that is Alone", a proper name that can hardly be used as a common noun meaning "god" in general. Eru obsoletes Enu in LT2:343), Ilúvatar "Father of All", Ainatar *"Holy-Father" (titles of God), PAGAN GOD ainu, PAGAN GODDESS aini (angelic spirit, holy one). (As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of course not "pagan" to the people of Middle-earth. In Etym and Silm, Ainu/Aini is capitalized.) -Silm:15/396/431, LT1:248 cf. AYAN and Silm:426

GOLD (the metal) malta (so in LotR - Etym has malda [stem SMAL], but cf. smalta mentioned under LAWAR); GOLD laurë (= "not the metal but the colour, what we should call golden light", Letters:308, "of light and colour, not of the metal", Silm:433, "not a metallic word. It was applied to those things which we often call 'golden' though they do not much resemble metallic gold: golden light, especially sunlight", RGEO:70, "a word for golden light or colour, never used for the metal", PM:353, "light of the golden Tree Laurelin", LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold, LT1:255 [no doubt an obsolete notion]; in LT1:258 and LT2:341 the gloss is simply "gold".) RED GOLD +cullo (obsoleting culu in LT2:341? In LT1:255 culu is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but also used mythically as a name of all red and yellow metals), GOLDEN laurëa (pl laurië is attested; LT1:258 has laurina), GOLDEN-RED culda, culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm. Appendix: "cul- 'golden-red' in Culúrien") -LotR:1157/SMAL, Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL, RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429

GONDOLIN Ondolindë ("Stone Song", so in Silm:149, 415; LT1:254 gives Ondolinda, changed from Ondolin) -LT1:254

GONE vanwa (departed, lost, past) -WAN, Nam

GONG tombo -LT1:269

GOOD (of things) mára (fit , useful), GOOD (morally good) manë; GOODBYE mára mesta -MAG (see MA3), LT1:260, Arct

GOODS armar (sg #arma if there is a sg) -3AR

GOOSE ván, wán (pl. váni is given, but seems perfectly regular) -WA-N-

GORE nasta (spearhead, point, triangle), nehtë (spearhead, narrow promontory, wedge), mear (from a root possibly meaning "ooze") -SNAS, UT:282, LT1:260

GORGE cilya (pass between hills, cleft) (so in Etym, but cf. #cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo, not Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -KIL

GORTHAUR Sauron (þ) -Silm:418 cf. THUS

GOTHMOG Cosomot (prob. *Cosomoc-, cf the alternative form Cosomoco) -LT1:258

GOVERN turin ("I...govern", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. turnë (wield, control). LT1:273 has vard- "rule, govern", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. -TUR

GOVERNANCE heren (fortune) -KHER

GOVERNOR cáno (see COMMANDER), (governor, chieftain, commander) -PM:345

GRADE #tyellë (only pl tyeller is attested - note irregular plural instead of the expected form **tyelli) -LotR:1153

GRAMMAR tengwesta (system or code of signs) -TEK cf. WJ:394

GRANDCHILD indyo (descendant) (Indyo looks like Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in Noldorin Quenya [see MIDDLE]. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) -ÑGYO(N)

GRANT lav- (yield, allow) -DAB

GRASP mapa- (seize) This word was struck out in one of Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339

GRASS salquë, (stiff and dry:) sara (þ) (bent) -SALAK, STAR

GREAT velicë (possibly obsolete in mature Quenya: In LT1:254 velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish beleg, but according to LR:352 the stem from which beleg is derived is "not found in Q[uenya]"). GREAT (in size) alta (large) (The form alat- is used in compounds when the next word has an initial vowel, as in Alatairë. Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat- was actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the stem ÁLAT. The meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too widely from it, for Alatairë is said to correspond to "Noldorin" Belegoer [mature Sindarin Belegaer], The Great Sea.) -LT1:254, ÁLAT cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428

GREAT BEAR see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.

GREAT LONGING mavoinë -LT2:345

GREAT NUMBER - in a very great number: úvëa (abundance) -UB

GREAT QUANTITY úvë (abundance) -UB

GREAT WOOD taurë (forest) -TAWAR

GREED milmë; GREEDY milca -MIL-IK

GREEN laiqu a (so in Etym - Letters:282 has laica, meaning something wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in LT2:337), ezel, ezella (adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya), GREEN-ELVES Laiquendi (probably a haplology of *Laiquaquendi, this word was not much used according to WJ), wenya (yellow-green, fresh); GREENNESS wén, laiquassë (freshness, youth) -LÁYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399, GWEN, WJ:385, LT1:267

GREY #mista (isolated from lassemista "leaf-grey"), hiswa, sinda (þ) (WJ has sindë "pale or silvery grey", but sinda is given in Silm:438 and the words sindanoriello "from a grey land", Sindacollo "Grey-cloak" and Sindar "Grey-Elves, *Grey Ones" all point to sinda as the Quenya word for "grey".) GREY-ELVES Sindar (þ) (sg. Sinda), less commonly Sindeldi (sg Sindel); GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (þ) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo); GREY-ELVEN sindarinwa (adj), Sindarin (= Grey-Elven language) (þ) -LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, KHIS, LotR:1171, Silm:438, THIN/WJ:384, Nam, Silm:419, WJ:384, LotR:1157, 1161

GRIEF nyérë (sorrow). Pl. probably *nyérer not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver. The noun nyérë points to a verbal stem *nyer- "grieve". -GL:60/LT1:261

GROT (small) rotto (tunnel) -PM:365

GROUND talan (pl talami) (floor) -TALAM

GROW FAT tiuya- -TIW

GROWL (vb) yarra- (snarl), (of dogs:) núru- (grumble); GROWL (noun) nur (complaint) -MC:223, LT1:263

GRUMBLE (vb) nurru- (murmur), núru- (growl [of dogs]). (These may simply be two forms of the same word. Nurru- is by far the later [TLT] form.) GRUMBLING (adj) nurrua -MC:223, LT1:263

GUARD - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258. For "guard" as a noun, #tirno "watcher" may be isolated from halatirno (see FISHWATCHER)

GUESS (vb) intya-; GUESS (noun) intya (supposition, idea)

GULF yáwë (cleft, ravine), fásë (gap) -YAG, GL:36

GULL maiwë -MIW

GYRATE hwinya- (eddy, swirl) -SWIN

<H>

HABIT haimë -KHIM

HABITATION imbar (Imbar was an Elvish name of the Earth as the prinicipal part of Arda; the form Ambar may be more usual and is found in LotR.) -MR:337, WJ:419, 402, LotR:1003

HAIL aiya (so in LotR; LT1:248 has áyë) -LotR:747, 950 cf. Letters:385

HAIR loxë; TANGLED HAIR fassë; LOCK OF HAIR findë (defined as "a tress or plait of hair" in PM:345; LT2:341 has findl, an impossible form in mature Quenya), HEAD OF HAIR, A PERSON'S HAIR AS A WHOLE findessë -LOKH, PHAS, SPIN, PM:345

HALF-ELVEN (noun, pl) Pereldar (Sindarin Peredhil, LotR:1071) -Letters:386

HALL #mardë (isolated from oromardi "lofty halls, high-halls"); ROCKHEWN HALL hróta- (artificial cave, rockhewn hall) -Nam/RGEO:66, PM:365

HALLOW aitita- -Vinyar Tengwar #32 p. 7

HALVE perya- (devide in middle) (After perya, a word perina is mentioned - it is undefined but must be the corresponding past participle, *"halved, divided in middle".) -PER

HAMMER (vb) namba-; HAMMER (noun) namba -NDAM

HAMS hacca (buttocks) -GL:47

HAND má (pl. allative mannar "into...hands" is attested; the long á evidently becomes short a before a consonant cluster), quárë (the latter is properly "fist", but was often used for "hand" - see FIST); HOLLOW OF HAND cambë; HAVING HANDS mavoitë; HANDY, HANDED maitë (skilled) (pl. maisi. When maitë is the final element of names, it is translated "handed" instead of "handy", e.g. Angamaitë "Iron-handed", morimaitë "blackhanded") -MA3/LT2:339, FS, KWAR/Silm:429, KAB, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460

HANDLE mahta- -MA3

HANG linga- (dangle) -LING

HAPPEN - LT2:348 gives mart- "it happens" (impersonal). Perhaps read *marta- in mature Quenya, though that would clash with marta "fey, fated".

HAPPY valin (LT1:272 also gives valimo, but adjectives ending in -o do not occur in mature Quenya), HAPPINESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (blessedness) -LT1:272

HARBOUR hópa (haven, bay - obsoleting cópa, cópas in LT1:257); HARBOURAGE hopassë -KHOP

HARD nauca (ill-shapen, twisted, *small - see SMALL.) -WJ:413

HARE lapattë -GL:52

HARP (vb) nanda-; HARP (noun) nandë; LITTLE HARP nandellë; HARPING (noun, not adjectival participle) nandelë; HARPER nandaro, HARP-PLAYER tyalangan. (In Etym, all but the last of these words are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) HARP-PLAYING salmë. -NGAN, TYAL; cf. LotR:1157, LT1:265

HARSH naraca (rending, violent) -NÁRAK

HARVEST yávië (autumn) - evidently obsoleting yávan in LT1:273. In the Calendar of Imladris, yávië was a precisely defined period of 52 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition. Note: yávië probably refers to harvest time only, not "harvest" in the sense "harvested products", though it is derived from a stem meaning "fruit". -LotR:1142, 1145

HASP tangwa (clasp) -TAK

HASTE ormë (wrath, violence, rushing); HASTY orna, tyelca (agile) -GOR, KHOR, PM:353

HAT táta -GL:71

HATE (vb) tevë- (aorist form); LT1:258 has mokir "I hate", read *mocin in mature Quenya? HATEFUL sancë; HATRED tevië, tevin -LT1:268, LT2:341

HAVE - see POSSESS. Cf also NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366

HAVEN hópa (harbour, bay) londë (as in Alqualondë "Haven of the Swans", UT:417 - but elsewhere londë is glossed "entrance to harbour, road in sea") -KHOP

?HAWK fion (pl fioni, fiondi) (Tolkien's gloss was "not certainly legible; the likeliest interpretation would be 'haste', but 'hawk' is a possibility." The translation "haste" is out of the question, as this word would have no plural form. Besides, a quite different word for "haste" [ormë] is known.) -PHI

HE pronominal ending -ro + lengthening of the previous vowel, e.g. antaváro he will give (so in LR:63, probably *antuváro in mature Quenya). There is also the ending -s, that covers the entire 3. person sg: "he, she, it". It is uncertain what the independent word for "he, even he" might be. LR:63 has e, a word that appears in Sindarin as well (SD:129). Does it also cover "she, it"? Cf. HIM, HIS.

HEAD cár (cas-), nóla (round head, knoll); HEAD OF HAIR findessë (see HAIR). -KAS, NDOL, PM:345

HEAL #envinyata- (isolated from the past participle envinyanta "healed". The literal meanings are *"renew" and "renewed", cf. Aragorn's title Envinyatar "Renewer" [q.v.]) -MR:405

HEAR #hlar- (only fut hlaruva is attested) -MC:222

HEARING (adj) lasta (listening) -LAS²

HEART hón (physical heart), órë (inner mind - concerning this word, see SPIRIT) (Note: a homonym means "rising"), indo (mind, mood), elwen; -HEARTED #honda (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted"). EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), -KHÔ-N-, LotR:1157, ID, LT1:255, LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72, LT1:262, MR:198

HEAT úrë (The stem from which this word must be derived was struck out in Etym, but the word occurs in LotR itself, indicating that Tolkien restored the stem in question.) SMOULDERING HEAT, RED [?HEAT] (Tolkies handwriting was illegible) yulmë (Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal") -LotR:1157 cf. UR; YUL

HEAVE #amorta- (only part. amortala is attested), HEAVE (of large and heavy things:) rúma- (shift, move) (part. rúmala is attested) -MC:222 cf. 215, MC:223, 222

HEAVENS, THE menel (a sg word, "heaven", as opposed to its English translation), ilwë (sky). -Silm:434/MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:255

HEAVY lunga -LUG

HEDGE (jagged hedge of spikes) caraxë -KARAK

HEED tirin ("I watch", *"I heed", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva "shall heed" is attested; also cim-. -MC:222 cf. 214, TIR, GL:39

HEIGHT #tárië (only allative tárienna "to the height" is attested) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308

HEIR aryon (also haryon is glossed as "heir", but this gloss is paranthetic and "prince" is given as the primary meaning. Hildinyar is translated "my heirs" in Aragorn's oath; it appears that this is actually a form of hildo "follower".) -GAR (see 3AR), LotR:1003, 1004

HELL Angamando ("Iron-prison", Morgoth's dungeon-fortress in the First Age. This is the form given in MR; Etym has Angamanda, LT1:249/252 has Angamandu/Angamandi or Eremandu "Hells of Iron". In LT1:259, Mandos is glossed "hell", but Mandos was simply the halls of the dead and not a place of torture. GL:51 also has fatanyu.) -MR:350, MBAD

HELMET cassa -KAS

HEM ríma (edge, border), HEM OF ROBE lappa -RÎ, GL:52

HER 1. (object form of she) - the ending -s (also covering "it, *him". Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found her/him" as well.) Case endings may be attached to se, e.g. dative *sen "for her". 2. HER (genitive, = of her) -rya (possessive suffix, e.g. aratarya "her sublimity" [WJ:369], máryat "her hands" [Nam].) This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "his" and *"its".) -WJ:369

HERO callo (noble man). LT1:268 also has mordo "warrior, hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means "obscurity, shadow, stain". -KAL

HEW *pelehta- (corrected from the actual reading pelekta-, since Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) -LT2:346

HIDE #nurta- (verbal stem isolated from the verbal noun nurtalë "hiding" in Silm:120), #lom- (LT1:255 gives lomir "I hide"; this would become *lomin in mature Quenya), moru- -LT1:261

HIDING nurtalë -Silm:120

HIDDEN muina (secret), halda (veiled, shadowed, shady), foina, furin/hurin (concealed); DARK OR HIDDEN tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep) -MUY, SKAL, LT2:340, LT1:271

HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo (deformed creature, monster) -ÚLUG

HIGH tára (lofty, tall), oro- (in compounds: oromardi "high-halls"). The element #Ar- in Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)". Cf. also tar- in tarquesta "high speech". -WJ:417, Nam/RGEO:66, WJ:416, TÂ

HIGH ELVES Tarquendi; HIGH-ELVES Tareldar -TA, MC:349

HIGH ONES Aratar (sg #Arata, cf. PM:363). The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "The Supreme, Exalted Ones". -Silm 32/381, WJ:402

HIGH SPEECH (= Quenya) Tarquesta -TÂ

HILL #ambo (only allative pl. ambonnar is attested); tundo (mound), oro; ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) -HILL-SIDE amban (upward slope) (probably obsoleting amun(d) in LT2:335) -MC:222, LT1:269, TUN, LT1:256, AM

HIM - probably the ending -s (also covering "it, *her". Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found him/her" as well.) Case endings may be attached to so, e.g. dative *son "for him"

HINDMOST tella (last); THE HINDMOST Teleri (the Last-comers) -TELES, Silm:421

HIS -rya (possessive suffix, e.g. coarya his house. This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "her" and *"its".) -WJ:369

HISTORY nyárë (tale, saga), quenta, quentalë (account), lúmequentalë, lúmequenta (chronological account); HISTORICAL lúmequentalëa -NAR², KWET, LU

HIVE nierwes -LT1:262

HOARD foa (treasure) -LT2:340

HOLE latta (pit - Note: a homonym means "strap"), assa (perforation, opening, mouth) -DAT, GAS

HOLLOW (noun) unquë, HOLLOW (adj) unqua, ronta, rotwa; HOLLOW OUT unca--UNUK, LotR:1157, LT2:347

HOLLOWBOLD Návarot (Nogrod, Novrod) -WJ:389

HOLLY ercassë (probably obsoleting piosenna in LT2:347) -ERÉK

HOLY aina, airë; HOLY ONE ainu (m.), aini (f.) (angelic spirit, god); HOLY PLACE yána (fane, sanctuary) -AYAN/WJ:399, Nam, YAN

HOLYDAY meryalë -MBER

HOME már (also used of the "home" or native land of peoples). Short form mar as the final element of compounds: Eldamar "Elvenhome"; the vowel is also short in Mar-nu-falmar, "the Land [lit. Home] under the Waves". -Silm:408, 428

HOMESTEAD osta -LT2:336

HONEY lis (liss-) (LT1:262 gives nektë, read *nehtë in mature Quenya.) HONEY-BEE nier, nion -LIS, LT1:262/GL:60

HOOD telmë (covering) -TEL

HOOK ampa, atsa (claw, catch); HOOKED rempa (crooked) -LotR:1157, GAT, REP

HOPE (noun) estel -WJ:318 (where it is stated that this word was used in Quenya as well as in Sindarin. Here the word is defined as "'hope', sc. a temper of mind, steady, fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose". In MR:320, estel is translated "trust".)

HORDE horma (host) -LT2:341

HORN rassë ("especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains". Cf. Rasmund "horned bull" in Letters:423 [this may not be pure Quenya] and Arfanyaras, Arfanyarassë "high white-shining peak [*horn]", alternative name of Taniquetil), romba (so in Etym and one place in WJ [p. 400: romba = "horn, trumpet"] but on p. 368 róma is used for "horn", though this is glossed "trumpet-sound" in Etym), HORN OF ULMO hyalma (shell, conch), tildë (point), (horn of animal:) tarca (probably obsoleting taru in LT2); HORNED tarucca (perhaps obsoleted together with taru), THE HORNED Tilion (a name of the Moon) -RAS, WJ:403/416, ROM/WJ:401 contrast 368, SYAL, TIL, TARÁK, LT2:337,347, Silm:438

HORROR - rucin is glossed "I feel fear or horror" (1. pers. aorist), constructed with "from" of the object feared (e.g. *rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -WJ:415

HORSE rocco (defined as "swift horse for riding" in Letters:382), mairo; HORSEMAN roquen (rider, knight) -ROK/Letters:282, 382, GL:56, WJ:372/UT:282

HOST rimbë (crowd), horma (horde) -RIM/Letters:178, 382, LT2:341

HOSTILE cotya -KOT

HOT saiwa; BLAZING HOT úrin (Úrin is also a name of the Sun) -LT1:248/265, LT1:271

HOUND huan (hún-); HOUND OF CHASE ronyo -KHUG (see KHUGAN), ROY

HOUR lúmë (so translated in LotR; in Etym the gloss is simply "time". Allative lúmenna is attested. Note: lúmë also means "darkness".) -LU, LotR:94, WJ:367

HOUSE coa (prob. the most neutral word), opelë (walled house), car (card-) (building), nossë (clan, family, kin, people) (LT2:336 gives indo "house" and os(t) "house and cottage"; these words are probably obsolete - in mature Quenya indo means "heart", while osto means "city". Also indor "master of house" must be obsolete.) LIGHT OF THE HOUSE coacalina (a metaphor for the soul [fëa] dwelling inside the body [hroa]) -WJ:369/MR:250, PEL(ES), KAR, NÔ/LT1:250, 343, MR:250

HOW manen -PM:395

HUMAN firya (lit. *"mortal"; nominal pl. Firyar is attested) -PHIR, WJ:219

HUMBLED nucumna -SD:246

HUMP tumpo; HUMPBACK cauco, HUMPED cauca (bent, crooked) -TUMPU, LT1:257

HUNT (noun), HUNTING raimë (No verb "to hunt" is given in Etym, but roita- "pursue" is derived from the same stem and can probably be translated *"hunt" as well. LT1:260 has rauta- "hunt".) -ROY¹

HUSBAND verno; HUSBAND AND WIFE veru (married pair) -BES

HUSH quildë (rest, quiet) -GL:23

I (1. pers. sg) inyë (independent pronoun, used for emphasis: *"even I"), -n or -nyë (endings used on verbs, e.g. ávan, ványë "I [-n/-nyë] will not", maruvan "I [-n] will abide"). The long form -nye must be used if another pronominal ending is to be added after it: utúvienyes, "I [-nye-] have found it [-s]". In the "Arctic" sentence, ni is translated "I"; this may be a shorter (non-emphatic?) form of inyë. The dative pronoun nin "for me" is transparently ni + the dative ending -n; other case endings may also be added to ni. -LR:61, WJ:371, LotR:1008/1003, Arct

ICE helcë; ICE-COLD helca (so in LT1:254 and Silm; Etym has helc, evidently a misprint - it would be the only Quenya word ending in -lc in the entire corpus.) -LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL

IDEA intya (guess, supposition), *selma (þ) ("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma, but S (th) would become s in Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Sindë, sindë in WJ:384; see GREY) -INK, WJ:319

IDOL cordon -LT1:257

IDRIL Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë (obsoleting Irildë in LT2:343) -PM:346/Silm:436

IF ANYBODY aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372

ILL laiwa (sick, sickly) -SLIW

ILL-SHAPEN nauca (hard, twisted, *small - see SMALL.) -WJ:413

ILLUMINATE calya- -KAL

IMAGINATION nausë (þ) -NOWO

IMMORTAL ilfirin -PHIR

IMMOVEABLE tulca (firm, strong, steadfast; Note: there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish") -TULUK cf. LT1:270

IMPLEMENT (prob. noun) yaima -GL:37

IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOUNT únyárima ("sc. because all the facts are not known, or the tale is too long"), IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY/PUT INTO WORDS úquétima (unpronounceable, unspeakable) -WJ:370

IMPULSE hórë; IMPULSION hórëa -KHOR

IN mi (within), IN THE mí (for *mi i?) (The version of Nam in LotR has mi where the version in RGEO:66 has the more correct form mí.) -MI, Nam, RGEO:66

IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa (abundant) -UB

INCARNATE (noun) #mirroanwë (only pl. mirroanwi "incarnates" is attested) -MR:350

INCITEMENT siulë -SIW

INCLINE (noun) talta -TALÁT

INCLINED penda (sloping down) -PEN

INDICATE tana- (show) (Note: tana also means "that". INDICATION tengwë (sign, token, writing - pl tengwi is attested) -MR:385, WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK

INLANDS Mittalmar (the central region of Númenor) -UT:165, 454

INNER MIND órë (heart) (Note: a homonym means "rising") -LotR:1157

INSIDE, TO THE mir, minna (into) -MI

INSIGHT tercen; OF INSIGHT, lit *INSIGHTFUL #tercenya (only pl tercenyë is attested) -MR:230

INTELLECT handelë; INTELLIGENCE handassë; INTELLIGENT handa (understanding) -KHAN

INTERIOR (adj) mitya -MI

INVENT auta- (devise, originate) (Note: a homonym means "pass"); INVENTION aulë -GAWA

INZILADÛN Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324

IRELAND Íverind- (As indicated by the hyphen, some ending is needed - a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The normal nominative form must be *Íverin, becoming Íverind(e)- before an ending, e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative *Íverindessë [cf. Lórien, locative Lóriendessë]. The name is also given as Íwerin or Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol Eressëa" - Eressëa later becoming England in this early version of Tolkien's mythology.) -LT2:344, cf 285

IRON anga, IRON or STEEL erë, eren; OF IRON angaina; IRON-HANDED Angamaitë; IRON-GAOL Angamando (Angband) -ANGÂ/LotR:1157, LT1:252, LT1:249, 268, Letters:425 cf. LotR:1085, MR:350

ÍRITH Irissë -PM:345

IS see BE

ISLAND, ISLE lóna, tol (pl tollë according to Etym, tolli in LT1:85. According to Silm:438, tol is used of islands "rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river". LT1:269 defines a tol as "any rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc.") THE LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle" often being omitted) -LONO, TOL, RGEO:70

ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) -LT1:269

ISOLATED TOWER mindo -MINI

ISOLATED TREE ornë -ÓR-NI- (see ORO)

ISSUE uswë (escape) -LT1:251

ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring) -KEL

ISTHMUS yanwë (bridge, joining) -YAT

IT ta (that), -s (pronom inal ending, e.g. utúvienyes, "I have found [utúvienye-] it [-s]") It is uncertain what the independent word "it, even it" might be; see HE. *ITS -rya (possessive suffix, only attested with the meanings "his" and "her" [q.v.], but related forms suggest that this ending covers the entire 3. pers. sg.) -TA, LotR:1008, WJ:369

<J>

JACKET vacco (cloak) -GL:21

JAIL see GAOL

JANUARY Narvinyë (In LT1:252, the word for January is avestalis, and the latter part of the month is called Erintion, but these words are hardly valid in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

JAW anca (translated "jaws" in the appendices to LotR and Silm, but anca is sg and is glossed "jaw" in Etym. GL:37 has cá [spelt "kâ"]) -LotR:1157, Silm:427, ÁNAK

JERK (vb) rihta- (give quick twist or move) -RIK(H)

JEWEL mírë (pl. míri is attested); SHINING JEWEL miril (treasure, precious thing) WITH ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië (a pl form? Sg *carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne- instead of carni-.) JEWEL OF YAVANNA yavannamírë (a flagrant evergreen tree with scarlet fruit, brought to Númenor by the Eldar) -MIR/Silm:434, Nam, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, UT:472

JOINING (noun) yanwë (isthmus, bridge) -YAT

JOY alassë (merriment) -GALÁS

JUDGE Námo (Ordainer - the name of a Vala. In MR:150, though, Námo is glossed JUDGEMENT [of what is]). Note: a homonym námo means "person". -Silm:411

JUICE sáva, pirya (syrup) -SAB, PIS

JULY Cermië -LotR:1144

JUNE Nárië -LotR:1144

JUPITER Alcarinquë (Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55. According to LT1:260, Morwen (there translated "daughter of the dark") is a name of Jupiter, but this may not be a valid word in mature Quenya. LT1:265 also mentions Silindo as a name of this planet.

JUST faila (fair-minded, generous) -PM:352

<K>

KEEN laicë (sharp, acute, *piercing); KEENNESS (of perception) laicë (acuteness) -LAIK

KEEPING (safe) mando (custody) -MR:350

KHAZAD-DÛM Casarrondo (Dwarrowvault) -WJ:389

KIN nossë (house , people) -LT1:250, 272/LT2:338

KIND nostalë (species) -LT1:272

KINDLE tinta- (cause to sparkle), turu-, tunda- (Note: there is a homonym meaning "tall") -Silm:438, LT1:270

KING aran (pl arani is attested) In Etym, the Quenya word for "king, chieftain" is haran pl. harni, but evidence from LotR, WJ and UT shows that Tolkien changed it to aran pl arani. Cf. asëa aranion (þ) "kingsfoil", i arani Eldaron "the Kings of the Eldar", Arandor "kingsland", aranya *"my king", arandil "king's friend, royalist", and arandur "king's servant, minister".) LT1:273 has vardar "king", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. KINGLY BULL Aramund (this may not be pure Quenya) -3AR, LotR:899, WJ:369, UT:165, 193, 313, Letters:386, 423

KINGSFISHER halatirno, or halatir (halatirn-) (lit. "fishwatcher") -SKAL², TIR

KNIGHT roquen (rider, horseman) -UT:282 cf. WJ:372

KNOB tolos (lump) -LT1:269

KNOCK (keep on knocking) tamba- -TAM

KNOLL nóla -NDOL

KNOT narda, nútë (bond). Pl. probably *núter not *núti; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -SNAR, NU

KNOW ista (pa.t. sintë); KNOW ABOUT hanya- (understand, be skilled in dealing with), KNOWLEDGE handë (understanding), ista, istya, issë (lore), nólë (long study, lore, wisdom). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima (wise, learned) -IS/LT2:339; KHAN, ÑGOL, Silm:432

K-SERIES calmatéma -LotR:1154

<L>

LABIALS parmatéma (p-series); LABIALIZED SERIES quessetéma -LotR:1154

LABERNUM Lindeloktë (singing cluster). (So in LT1:258, but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya. Read *Lindelohtë?) -LT1:258

LABOUR (vb) móta- (toil) -MÔ

LADY heri -KHER, LT1:272 (GL:45 has quimellë)

LAKE ailin (pool) (LT2:339 also has ailo); ringë (cold lake, pool [in mountains]) (Note: ringë is also an adjective meaning "cold") -AY/LT2:339, RINGI

LAMENT (vb) naina-, nyéna-; LAMENT (noun) nainië, nairë -NAY, LT1:262, RGEO:66

LAMP calma (light) -KAL/LotR:1157

LAND nórë (dwelling-place, race, country, region where certain people live, nation, native land, family), nór (meaning '"'land' as opposed to water or sea", WJ:413). In compounds #-ndor (when the first part of the compound end in a vowel, e.g. Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form of Valinor), or -nor, -dor (the latter can only occur when the first part of the compound ends in -l, -r, or -n; in other combinations d cannot occur in Noldorin Quenya). Cf. also lóna (remote land difficult to reach, island. Note: a homonym means "dark"); WESTLAND Númenor, Númenórë (Westernesse); LAND OF GIFT (a name of Númenor) Andor (< *Annandor, see GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST Númendor -NDOR/NÔ/Silm:430/ WJ:413, LONO, Silm:414, 313, 430

LANGUAGE quetil (tongue), lambë (tongue. The latter was "the usual word, in non-technical use, for 'language'." (WJ:394) Only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta "system or code of signs" instead; this word is also glossed "grammar".) LANGUAGE (as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of making speech) tengwestië. LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR Lambë Valarinwa (lit. *"Valarin language"), LANGUAGE OF THE ELDAR Eldarissa (the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -KWET, WJ:394, 397, LT2:339

LARCH finë -SPIN

LARGE alta, alat- (great in size) (Tolkien's definition of this word was actually illegible, but see GREAT), úvëa (very large, abundant, in a very great number), úra -ÁLAT, UB, UR

LARK lirulin (prob. *lirulind-, cf. lindo "singing bird") -MR:238/252, LIN²

LAST tella (hindmost), telda (final), métima (final, ultimate), telwa (late), LAST YEAR yenya; LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, THE LAST-COMERS Teleri (the Hindmost) -TELES, WJ:411, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:267, YEN, Silm:421

LASTING QUALITY voronwië (endurance) -BORÓN

LATE telwa (last) -LT1:267

LAUGH lala- (Note: a homonym means "deny".) -PM:359 cf. 343

LAW sanyë (þ) (rule), axan (rule, commandment); LAW-ABIDING sanya (þ) (normal, regular) -STAN, WJ:399

LAWN palis (sward) -LT1:264

LAY lirilla (song) -LT1:258

LEAD (the metal) canu, LEADEN canuva -LT1:268

LEAF lassë (pl. lassi is attested); HAVING MANY LEAVES lillassëa (pl lillassië is attested); COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassië (foliage); PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout). LEAF-SHAPED lassecanta; LEAF-FALL lasselanta (autumn or the beginning of winter; see also FADING); LEAF-GREY lassemista -LAS¹, Nam, LT1:254, MC:222, 223, Letters:282, LT1:258, KAT, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224

LEAGUE lár (basic meaning "pause" - in marches a brief halt was made for each league). A lár was defined as five thousand rangar; see YARD. A ranga was approximately 38 inches, so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches [ca. 4826 m], supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify this translation. -UT:285

LEANING talta (sloping, tilted) -TALÁT

LEAP halta-; LEAPING haloitë (pl. haloisi is attested) -LT1:254

LEARNED istima (wise, having knowledge), nóla (wise). (In Etym, the latter word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) LEARNED MAN istyar (scholar) -IS, ÑGOL

LEAVE (vb) auta- (go away, pass), pa.t. oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]") or vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, meaning "disappeared" rather than "went away"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. For "leave", Etym also has lesta, pa.t. lendë; this is also the past tense of "go". The stem from which lesta- is derived was "replaced" by another. Lesta has a wholly different meaning in later writings; see GIRDLE, MEASURE. LEAVE OUT hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon, forsake) -WJ:366, ELED

LEAVE (noun) - with leave of: lenémë (+ genitive)

LEFT hyarya; LEFT-HANDED hyarmaitë

LEG telco (pl. telqui) (stem) -TELÉK

LEGENDARIUM OF THE FATHERS OF MEN Atanatárion (lit. simply "of the Fathers of Men") -MR:373

LEGOLAS Laiqualassë -LT1:267

LEMBAS coimas (life-bread) (prob. coimast-, cf. masta "bread") (life-bread) -Silm:406/429

LENGTHENED taina (extended); LENGTHENING tailë (extension) -TAY

-LESS -viltë, -valta (evidently a suffix used to derive adjectives like "homeless" = *marviltë?) -GL:23

LESSEN píca (part. #pícala is attested) (dwindle) -MC:223, 222

LETTER tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this word was used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be translated "consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character, a single symbol in writing".) sarat (pl. sarati is attested) - an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after the invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" mentioned above). -TEK, WJ:396, LotR:1151

LICK salpa- (sup, sip), lavin ("I lick", 1. pers. aorist; past tense #lávë is attested in the word undulávë "downlicked" in Nam); LICK (frequentatively) lapsa- -SÁLAP cf. LT1:266, DAB/Nam

LIE (noun, = untruth) furu -GL:36

LIE (vb, not "tell a lie" but "lie [horisontally]") caita-; LIE HEAVY lumna- (Note: this is also an adjective meaning "lying heavy") -Nam/RGEO:67, DUB

LIFE cuilë (being alive; obsoleting coi, coirë in LT1:257; the latter means "stirring, spring" in mature Quenya); NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour, youth), LIFE-BREAD coimas (prob. coimast[a]-, cf. masta "bread") (lembas) -KUY, LT1:267, Silm:406/429

LIFT UP orta- (raise, rise; pa.t. ortanë is attested) -Nam/ORO/RGEO:67

LIGHT cálë, cala; A LIGHT calina (which is basically the adjective "light", but it is used substantively in coacalina; see LIGHT OF THE HOUSE under HOUSE), calma (lamp), LIGHT (adj) calina; RAY OF LIGHT alca; GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; STARLIGHT or LIGHT OF SILPION (Telperion) silmë (+silver), MOONLIGHT isilmë; EMIT LIGHT faina-; LIGHT-ELVES, ELVES OF THE LIGHT Calaquendi; LIGHT-CLEFT Calacirya (gen. Calaciryo is attested) -KAL, MR:250, AKLA-R, RIL, SIL/LotR:1157, MC:223, PHAY, WJ:361/Silm:61, RGEO:70/Nam

LIKE (prep) ve (as) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67

LILY indil ("or other large single flower"), nénu (= yellow water lily) -WJ:399, LT1:248

LINE OF SURF falassë (beach, shore) -Silm:431

LINDI Lindi (What the Nandorin Elves called themselves; the word could be adopted unchanged into Exilic Quenya. Sg #Lindë?) -WJ:385

LINDIL Sindarin form of LINDI, q.v. -WJ:385

LINDON Lindon, Lindónë -WJ:385

LINE tië (path, direction, course, way, road), tëa (straight line, road), téma (row, series) (pl. témar is attested in LotR:1153) -TE3/RGEO:67, TEÑ

LIP cíla (The normal plural would be a dual form: *cílat.) -GL:24

LION rá (pl rávi) (so in Etym; LT1:260 has rau, but pl rávi is the same.) SHE-LION ravennë -RAW, LT1:260

LIQUID (adj) sírima (flowing) -LT1:265

LISTEN lár-, lasta-; LISTENING (adj) lasta (hearing) -LAS²

LITTLE titta (tiny). LITTLE ELF Teler, Telellë (adj. telerëa, telella) -TIT, LT1:267

LO! ela (look! see!) (directing sight to an actually visible object) -WJ:362 cf. 360

LOAF cornë -LT1:257

LOATH yelta-; LOATHING yelma; LOATHSOME yelwa -DYEL

LOCK OF HAIR findë (tress), fassë (shaggy lock, tangled hair) -SPIN

LOFTY tára (tall, high) (According to Letters:282, Varda means "Lofty" [WJ:402 has "the Sublime"], but this word should probably not be used as a common adjective.) LOFTY TOWER see TOWER. -TÂ/Silm:437/LT1:264

LOGDRAWING turuhalmë -LT1:270

LONELY eressëa; LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle" often being omitted) -ERE, RGEO:70

LONG (adj) anda, sóra (trailing); LONG AND THIN lenwa (straight, narrow); LONG (adverb, of time:) andavë; LONG YEAR (144 solar years, an Elvish "century") yén (pl. yéni is attested) LONG-MARK andatehta -ÁNAD, LT2:344, 341, LotR:989, Nam/LotR:1141/YEN, TEK

LONG FOR milya-; GREAT LONGING mavoinë -MIL-IK, LT2:345

LONG-LASTING voronwa (enduring) -BORÓN

LOOK AT yéta-; LOOK! (interj) en (there, look! yonder) LOOK! ela (lo! see!) (directing sight to an actually visible object) -LT1:262, EN, WJ:362 cf. 360

LOOM (noun) lanwa, windelë -LAN, LT1:254

LOOSE leuca-, lehta- (slacken) (Note: leuca is also a noun meaning "snake". Anyway, leuca- in Etym is likely a misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta- is to be preferred.) -LEK

LORD heru, hér, as final part of compounds: #her, e.g. Ostoher *"City-Lord". LORDSHIP hérë; LORD OF TREES Aldaron (a name of Oromë) -LT1:272, Silm:432, Letters:282, LotR:1122, Silm:32, 378

LORE nólë (long study, wisdom, knowledge), +ingolë (deep lore, magic [in WJ:382, the gloss is simply "lore", and the word is not stated to be poetic]), issë; SECRET LORE nolwë (wisdom). (These forms obsolete nólemë in LT1:263. In some sources, nólë and nolwë are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo (In Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues" the initial i of ingolmo [pl ingolmor] has disappeared; perhaps #ngolmo is the form used in compounds when the first part of the compound ends in a vowel.) -ÑGOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396

LOST vanwa (gone, departed, vanished, past and over, no longer to be had, dead); ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366, 365

LOT marto (fortune, fate) -LT2:348

LOUD SOUND róma (trumpet-sound) (Note: róma also means "shoulder".) MUSICAL SOUND lin (lind-) (melody) -ROM, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308

LOVE (vb, love as friend) mel-; LOVE (noun) melmë (LT1:262 has meles, melessë); LOVELY melwa, LOVING nilda (friendly); BELOVED melda (dear), LOVER meldo (pl meldor is attested), melindo (m.), melissë (f.); LOVEABLE melima (fair), írima (desireable) -MEL, LT1:262, WJ:412, NIL, ID

LOW, LOWLYING tumna (deep, profound, dark or hidden); LOWER AIR vilma (earlier [MET] wilma), Aiwenor (lit. "Birdland") -TUB cf. LT1:271, WIL, AIWÊ

LOWER (vb) luvu- (brood); DARK LOWERING CLOUD lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested). -LT1:259

LUCK valto (LT2:348 gives mart "a piece of luck", but word-final rt does not occur in mature Quenya. Read *martë or something similar?) -LT1:272, LT2:348

LUMP tolos (knob) -LT1:269

LUST mailë; LUSTFUL mailëa -MIL-IK

LYING HEAVY lumna (heavy, burdensome, oppressive, ominous) (Note: lumna is also a verb meaning "lie heavy"); LYING IN BED caila (sickness) -DUB, KAY

LYRE salma -LT1:265

<M>

MAEDHROS Nelyafinwë (meaning "Finwë third", not equivalent in sense to Sindarin Maedhros. The short form of the name was Nelyo. His mother-name [q.v.], "recorded....though never used in narrative", was Maitimo "well-shaped one". He also had a nickname Russandol "copper-top") -PM:352, 353

MAGIC +ingolë (deep lore). In LT1:269, curu is glossed "magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply "skill". MAGIC (adj.) sairina -ÑGOL, GL:72

MAGLOR Canafinwë, short form Cáno (not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate of his "mother-name" Macalaurë, "recorded...though never used in narrative"). -PM:352, 353

MAID, MAIDEN wendë, vendë (the latter is probably the later [MET] form), also short form wen pl. wendi (girl). In compounds -wen, e.g. Nerwen "Man-maiden" (prob. *-wend-) MAIDENHOOD wendelë -WEN, LT1:271/273/Silm:439

MAKE carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist. The same verb is translated "form" in WJ:391: i carir quettar, "those who form words". According to Etym the past tense is carnë, but both FS and SD:246 have cárë. Past participle #carna *"made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) MAKING carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated "production", but cf. the following:) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name.) -KAR, WJ:391, MR:214

MALE (noun) hanu (male of Men/Elves or animals); MALE (adj) hanwa -3AN, INI

MAN nér (ner-) (#ner as the final element in compounds, as in vëaner and úner, see below), vëo (-wë as final element in compounds); (ADULT) MAN vëaner; MANLY vëa (adult, vigorous); MANHOOD vië (vigour); MAN-SPEARHEAD (a wedge-formation of soldiers) nernehta, NOMAN úner (All these words can apparently be used of adult males of any sentient race. For "Men" in the sence "humans", see MORTALS, FOLLOWERS.) -DER, WEG, UT:282, UT:211

MANY limbë, lin- (prefix: by assimilation it becomes lil- before l, as in lillassëa "having many leaves"; before m, r, s it would similarly become *lim-, *lir-, *lis-). -LT2:342, LI, Plotz letter

MAR #hasta- (verb stem isolated from the past participle hastaina, see below); MARRED hastaina (Arda Marred = Arda Hastaina); UNMARRED alahasta -MR:255, 254

MARBLE alast- (sic - some ending is obviously required, e.g. *alasta) -GL:39

MARCH Súlimë -LotR:1144/Silm:437 (not capitalized in the latter source)

MARINER ciryamo, (professional mariner:) ëarendur, Eärendilyon ("son of Eärendil [used of any mariner]", prob. *Eärendilyond-) -UT:8, Letters:386, LT1:250

MARK (in writing) tehta- (sign, diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear vowel-signs of Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is attested.) sarat (pl. sarati is attested), originally [MET] a word used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", but after the invention of the Tengwar primarily used of the earlier Rúmilian letters. TINY MARK tixë (dot, point) -TEK, TIK, WJ:396

MARS Carnil -Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55

MAST ferna (beechnuts), tyulma -PHER, TYUL/SD:419

MASTER (noun) heru (lor d), #tur (cf. Fëanturi "Masters of Spirits", a name of the Valar Mandos and Irmo). MASTER OF DOOM Turambar, MASTER OF DESIRE Irmo (lit. "Desirer", the name of a Vala); MASTERY túrë (victory); MASTERED #turúna (only the form turún', with the final *-a elided, is attested. Silm:269 has turun instead of turún' - the accent and he elision mark seem to have been omitted.) -KHER, TUR/UT:438, Silm:261/269/423, 405, UT:138

MATRIMONY vesta -BES

MATTER (basic matter:) erma; PHYSICAL MATTER orma, hroa (the latter is also used = "body") -MR:338, 218, 216

MAVWIN Mavoinë -LT2:345

MAY Lótessë (In LT1:252/254, the word for May is Kalainis, but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

ME The ending -n, attested only as subject, may be employed: *Utúvielyen, "thou (-lye-) hast found me (-n)". It has been theorized that ni is the independent word for "me", but actually it seems to be a non-emphatic word for "I" (so in Arct; contrast the emphatic inyë; see "I"). Tye "thee" may point to something like *nye as the independent word for "me", but such extrapolations are uncertain. Case endings may be added to ni, e.g. dative nin "for me" (Nam).

MEADOW - LT1:267 (GL:39) has lairë, but this has already two different meanings in mature Quenya ("summer" and "poem"), so it is somewhat doubtful whether this word from Tolkien's earliest linguistic constructions is valid in later Quenya.

MEAL porë (flour) -POR

MEAN faica (contemptible) -SPAY

MEASURE #lesta (only attested in instrumental form lestanen "in measure". Note: #lesta also means "girdle".) -FS

MEAT apsa (cooked food) -AP

MEED míruvórë (nectar, drink of the Valar) -NAM, RGEO:66, 69, LT1:261

MEETING (junction of the direction of two persons or groups:) omentië, (of three or more coming from different directions:) yomenië -WJ:367, 407, LotR:94

MELIAN Melyanna ("dear gift", evidently melya + anna) -Silm:434

MELODY lin (lind-) (musical sound), MELODIOUS lindelëa -LT1:258, cf. LotR:488 and Letters:308

MEN see MAN or MORTALS, FOLLOWERS

MERCURY (the planet, not the metal) Elemmírë -Basic Quenya:24

MERCHILD oar (child of the sea), MERMAID oaris (oarits-), oarwen (prob. *oarwend-) (so in LT1:263 - read ëaris, ëarwen in mature Quenya?)

MERRIMENT alassë (joy) -GALÁS

MESH rembë -LotR:1149

METAL tinco, rauta -TINKÔ/LotR:1157, RAUTÂ

MEWING miulë (whining)

MICKLEBURG Túrosto (Belegost) -WJ:389

MIDDLE (noun) endë (core, centre); MIDDLE (prob. adj) enya, endya (In Noldorin Quenya, enya would be the natural form - endya looks like Vanyarin Quenya. Cf. the name of the language itself in the two dialects, Quenya vs. Quendya.) MIDDLE-DAY #enderë (only pl enderi is attested; for sg #enderë cf. yestarë, mettarë, the first and the last day of the year. The "middle-days" were three days inserted between the months of yávië and quellë in the Calendar of Imladris.) -ÉNED, cf. WJ:361, LotR:1142

MIDDLE-EARTH Endórë, Endor (defined as "centre of the world" under ÉNED; allative form Endorenna is attested in LotR. Other names are also glossed "Middle-earth": Ambarenya, Endamar; see also EAST) -LotR:1003, ÉNED, MBAR

MIGHTY taura, poldórëa (a title of Tulkas); MIGHTY-RISING Melkórë (> Melkor) (uprising of Power), THE MIGHTY Melko (an alternative form of Melkor, derived from an unattested adjective *melka, *melca "mighty", with connotations of violence.) -TUR, LT1:264/GL:64, MR:350

MILCH COW yaxë. (An alternative form yaxi, glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.) -GL:36

MIND indo (heart, mood), (inner mind:) órë (heart) (Note: a homonym means "rising"); MIND-MOOD inwisti -MR:216, LotR:1157, MR:229

MINISTER arandur (king's servant, steward) -Letters:386, UT:313

MISERY angayassë -LT1:249

MIST hísië (þ), hísë (þ) (fog. Note: a homonym means "dusk". For "mist" use hísië, the form occurring in LotR.) -Nam/RGEO:67, KHIS

MOAT see WALL AND MOAT

MOCKING yaiwë (scorn) -YAY

MOIST nítë (dewy) -NEI

MOLE noldarë, nolpa -GL:30

M ONSTER ulundo, úvanimo (creature of Melkor. In LT1:236, Úvanimor are said to be "monsters, giants, and ogres". See also ORC.) -ÚLUG, BAN/LT1:272

MONTH #asta (only pl astar is attested) -LotR:1142

MOOD indo (heart, mind) -ID

MOON Isil (-S-), Rána (so in Silm and UT; Etym has Rana with a short a), CRESCENT MOON cú (bow), MOONLIGHT isilmë -I/THIL/LotR:1148, Silm:436/UT:242, RAN, LT1:271, MC:222, 223

MORE yonta (In GL:37, this word is followed by a hyphen: yonta-. Does this indicate that it can be used as a comparative prefix? E.g. yonta "fair", *yontavanya "fairer"???)

MORGOTH Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form was Moriñgotho, but it should not be used by writers writing in Third Age Quenya) (Black Foe) -MR:194

MORN (early) artuilë, tuilë (the latter is also used in the sense "springtime") -TUY

MORNING (noun) arin (LT1:254 gives cálë, but this word means "light" in later writings), MORNING (used as adj?) arinya (early) -AR¹

MORTAL fírima (pl. Fírimar is attested, lit. "those apt to die", WJ:387), Firya (pl. Firyar is attested); MORTAL MAN firë (pl firi is given but seems perfectly regular) -PHIR, WJ:387

MOTHER amil, ammë, (hypocoristic, = *"mom":) nana. MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) #amilessë (tercenya) (i.e., names given by Elvish mothers to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is attested.) -AM¹, NAN, MR:217

MOUND coron, hahta (pile), cumbë (heap), tundo (hill) -Sil:429, KHAG, KUB, TUN

MOUNTAIN oron (pl oronti) (also used = "mount", e.g. Oron Oiolossë "Mount Everwhite"), MOUNTAIN-PEAK aicassë; MOUNTAIN-TOP orto; MOUNTAIN PASS falqua (cleft, ravine), MOUNTAIN-DWELLING (adj) orofarnë (pl? Sg *orofarna?) -ÓROT/WJ:403, AYAK, LT2:341, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224

MOUTH anto, pé, assa (hole, opening, perforation), MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -LotR:1157, PEG, GAS, ET

MOVE (intr., of large and heavy things:) rúma- (part. rúmala is attested) (shift, heave) -MC:223, 222

MURK hui (fog, dark, night), MURKY huiva -LT1:253

MURMUR nurru- (grumble) -MC:223

MUSCLE tuo (sinew, strength) -TUG

MUSIC #lindalë (isolated from Ainulindalë "The Music of the Ainur"; Etym and LT1:258 has lindelë; the latter is also glossed "song".) -Silm:378, LIN

MY -nya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldanya "my tree". An i seems to be inserted between the ending and the noun when the latter ends in a consonant: atarinya "my father" (LR:61). If the last consonant(s) of the noun is/are n or the cluster nd, a contracted form may be used in vocatives: hinya "my child" (for hínanya, WJ:403), yonya "my son" (for *yondonya, LR:61).

<N>

NAIL (prob. noun) taxë -TAK

NAKED helda -SKEL

NAME (noun) essë (pl. essi is attested. Note: the word essë was also used in the sense "person as a whole", body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epessë (i.e., "a nickname - mostly given as a title of admiration or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) #amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by Elvish mothers to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is attested.) NAME OF INSIGHT #essë tercenya (i.e., the same as "mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is attested); GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This word encompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING Essecilmë (an Eldarin seremony in which a person chooses a name according to his or her personal lámatyávë or sound-taste); SELF-NAME #cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice": #cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.") -ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217, 214

NARRATOR quentaro -KWET

NARROW arca, lenwa (long and thin, straight) NARROW NECK yatta (isthmus); NARROW PATH axa; NARROW PROMONTORY nehtë (spear-head, gore, wedge) -AK, LT2:341, YAK, UT:282

NASAL nengwëa -NEÑ-WI

NATION nórë, -nor (land, country, dwelling-place, native land, family) -LT1:272

NATIVE LAND nórë, -nor (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, family) -LT1:272

NAZGÛL Úlairi (Ring-wraiths) (pl; sg #Úlairë?) -Silm:362, 417

NEAR har, harë -LT1:253

NECK yat (yaht-); NARROW NECK yatta (isthmus) -YAK

NECKLACE firinga (carnanet) -LT2:346, GL:36

NECTAR míruvórë (meed, drink of the Valar) -Nam, RGEO:66, LT1:260

NEED (prob. noun) maurë -MBAW

NEPTUNE Nénar (or less probably Luinil; it is not known for certain which of the two is Neptune and which is Uranus) -Basic Quenya:24, Silm:55

NET natsë (web) -NAT

NEW vinya (cf. Vinyamar "New Dwelling", Vinyalondë "New Haven"), sinya. NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour, youth) -Silm:425, UT:471, SIN, LT1:267

NEXT ento -Arct

NICKNAME ("mostly given as a title of admiration or honour") epessë (after-name) -UT:266

NIGHT lómë, ("Night, night-time, [shades of night]", in LT1:255 glossed "dusk, gloom, darkness"), Fui, Hui ("Night" - in LT1:253, hui is glossed "fog, dark, murk, night"), ló ("night, a night"), mórë (blackness, dark - obsoleting mori in LT1:260). In Valinorean usage, lómë "has no evil connotations; it is a word of peace and beauty and has none of the associations of fear and groping that, say, 'dark' has to us. For the evil sense I [Tolkien's character Lowdham] do not know the [Quenya] word". For "night" in the "evil sense", mórë seems to be the best candidate. Yet lómë evidently developed darker connotations among the Exiles, for when crying auta i lómë "the night is passing" before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the Noldor used the word metaphorically to mean the rule of Morgoth. -DO3, PHUY, SD:306, Silm:229

NIGHTINGALE lómelindë (pl lómelindi is attested; Etym also has morilindë), tindómerel ("daughter of twilight", a kenning of or a poetic name for the nightingale; the Sindarin equivalent is tinúviel. Tolkien changed the meaning of the final element from "daughter" to "child", see SEL-D-.) -DO3, Silm:64, MOR, TIN/Silm:422, 438

NINE nertë (obsoleting olma in LT1:258) -NÉTER

NO lá (also meaning "not". Lá is probably used to deny facts, or what others present as facts. In some contexts, the interjection vá is to be preferred. It is derived from a stem that "expressed refusal to do what others might wish or urge, or prohibition of some action by others.) Cf also lala, lau, laumë "no, no indeed not, on the contrary; also used for asking incredulous questions". Prefixes "no-, un-": ú-, il-. SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language"). -LA, WJ:371 cf. 370, GÛ, WJ:370, KWET

NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366

NOBLE (a noble:) arquen The element #ar- in Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered). Arquen is simply #ar "noble" + quen "person". NOBLE WOMAN (one of Galadriel's names) Artanis. -WJ:372, WJ:416, PM:347

NOGROD Návarot (Hollowbold, Novrod) -WJ:389

NOISE ran, roaring noise rávë (pl. probably *ráver not *rávi, compare the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver); (noise of a) storm raumo -LT1:259, MC:223

NOLDORIN Noldorin (= the language of the Noldor), Noldorinwa (= general adjective) -WJ:20, LR:201

NOMAN Úner -UT:211

NORMAL sanya (þ) (regular, law-abiding) -STAN

NORTH Formen, fortë (right); NORTHERN formenya; NORTHLANDS (a region in Númenor) Forostar -PHOR, LotR:1157, UT:165, 439

NOSE nengwë, mundo (snout, cape) (Note: the latter word also means "ox") -NEÑ-WI, MBUD

NOT lá; NO INDEED NOT lala; DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva carë!; I WILL NOT: vá (exclamation, also = Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I won't", avammë, vammë "we won't"; NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving aside, excluding, except), NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima, NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima -LA, WJ:371, 364/365, WJ:370

NOVEMBER Hísimë -LotR:1144

NOVROD Návarot (Hollowbold, Nogrod) -WJ:389

NOW sí, sín/sin (the latter form is evidently used when the next word has an initial vowel; cf. the distribution of "a" and "an" in English.) -SI, cf. LR:47

NUMBER nótë, LARGE NUMBER hosta, IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa; NUMBERLESS únótimë (uncountable) -NOT, KHOTH, UB, Nam

NUMEROUS rimba (frequent)

NYMPH wingil, wingild- (pl WIngildi is attested); falmar, falmarin (falmarind-). (Writers should use falmarin rather than falmar, thus avoiding any possible confusion with falmar "waves".) -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL

<O>

O (vocative particle) a -LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308

OAK norno; HAVING MANY OAK-TREES lindornëa -DÓRON, LIN

OATH vérë (bond, troth, compact. Pl. probably *vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver), vanda (pledge, solemn promise) -WED, UT:317

OBLIGED nauta (bound) -NUT

OBSCURE nulla (dark, dusky) OBSCURITY mordo (shadow, stain) -NDUL, MOR

OBSERVE - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258.

OCCASION lú (a time) -LU

OCEAN The Great Ocean Alatairë, The Outer Ocean Vai (=Ekkaia?) -AYAR, LT1:271

OCTOBER Narquelië -LotR:1144/1146

ODOUR holmë -ÑOL

OFF au- (verbal prefix implying motion "away from the speaker or the place of his thought", as in auciri- "cut off, so that a portion is lost or no longer available"), hó- (verbal prefix implying motion away from something, but the point of view is outside the thing left: cf. hóciri- "cut off a required portion, so as to have it or use it") -WJ:365, 366, 368

OGRE Úvanimo (see MONSTER). CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi (sg #Sarquindë?) -LT1:236 cf. BAN, LT2:347

OINTMENT laivë -LIB

OLD enwina, linyenwa (having many years), (of things:) yerna (worn); OLDEN yárëa, yalúmëa, GET OLD yerya- (wear [out]) -MC:222 cf. 215, YEN, GYER

OMINOUS lumna (lying heavy, burdensome, oppressive) -DUB

ON or (so in LT1:256, but in mature Quenya or is always translated "over". English "on" may be rendered by the allative case, see UPON.)

ONCE UPON A TIME yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë (Note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on which". Writers should use one of the two alternative forms.) -YA

ONE minë (obsoleting mir in LT1:260), er (only, one, alone, but, still); ONE (= a person, someone) quén pl queni (unstressed quen, "as a pronoun or final element in a compound"); THE ONE Eru (see GOD) -MINI, ERE, WJ:361 cf. 360, Silm:15, 431

ONLY eressë (singly, alone, also as noun = solitude) -ERE, LT1:269

OPEN (vb) panta- (unfurl, spread out); OPEN WIDE palu-, palya- (extend); OPEN (adj) panta, (of land:) latin, latina (free, cleared); OPENING assa (hole, performation, mouth); OPENMOUTHED fauca (thirsty, parched) -PAT, PAL, LAT, GAS, PHAU

OPPRESSIVE lumna (lying heavy, burdensome, ominous) -DUB

ORANGE culuina (colour), culuma (fruit) -KUL

ORC (goblin) urco (pl urqui) or orco (pl. orqui or orcor) (LT1:264 has orc, but word-final rc does not occur in mature Quenya. Here the gloss is "monster, demon". Cf. WJ:390: "In the lore of the Blessed Realm the Q urko naturally seldom occurs, except in tales of the ancient days and the March, and then is vague in meaning, referring to anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature.") See also ORKISH. -ÓROK, LT1:264, WJ:390

ORDAINER Námo (Judge - the name of a Vala) -Silm:411

ORDER (noun) heren (Heren Istarion "Order of Wizards"); ORDER (vb) vala- (used of the Valar only, as in á vala Manwë "may Manwë order it", Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done", *"the Valar will order [it]". -UT:388, WJ:404

ORIENT ambaron (ambarón-), Ambarónë (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR) -AM², LotR:490

ORIGINATE auta- (invent, devise) -GAWA

ORION Telumehtar ("warrior of the sky", according to WJ:411 an old name, later [MET] evidently replaced by:) Menelmacar ("Swordsman of the Sky") -TEL, WJ:411, LotR:1147 cf. 95

ORKISH Orquin (attested with reference to language, perhaps also general adjective) -LR:178

OUR *-mma (pronominal ending used on nouns, e.g. *aldamma "our tree". It is not attested, but may be deduced from the word for "we", q.v. This "our" is exclusive, meaning "their and my", not including the person(s) that is spoken to. The inclusive ending for "your and our" is *-lma, or in the dual -lva ("our" meaning "your (sg) and mine", as in omentielvo "of our [Frodo's and Gildor's] meeting, LotR:94). In the first edition of LotR, the wrong form omentielmo is used (plural instead of dual). The ending for dual exclusive "our" (sc. "our" meaning "his/her and mine") is unknown. The emphatic, independent words for "our" may be *emma, *elma, *elva. -LotR:94, cf. Letters:447

OUT et- (prefix) (forth), OUT OF et (followed by ablative) -ET, LotR:1003

OUTCAST hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outlaw) -WJ:365

OUTER, OUTERMOST erúmëa -LT1:262

OUTER LANDS Entar, Entarda (Middle-earth, East, Thither Lands [as seen from Valinor]), ettelë (the word is not capitalized and seems to be sg); OUTER OCEAN Vai (= Ekkaia?) -ET, LT1:271

OUTLAW hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast) -WJ:365

OUTSIDE ara (beside), ava, ettë, (prefix:) ar- (e.g. Araman "outside Aman") -AR²; AWA, ET, Silm:428

OVEN urna -LT1:271

OVER or. For "over" in the sense past, see PAST AND OVER. -UT:305

OVERCAST lúrëa (dark) -LT1:259

OVERSHADOW telta- (canopy, screen) -TEL

OX mundo (Note: a homonym means "snout, nose, cape". It may or may not obsolete the form taracu "ox" in LT2.) See also BULL. -Letters:422, LT2:347/GL:69

OXFORD - LT2 gives Taruktarna (read *Taruhtarna in mature Quenya), but the word may be obsolete. See OX above. -LT2:347

PACE ranga (pl rangar is stated to mean "full paces"). The ranga was a Númenórean linear measure of approximately 38 inches (96.5 cm); see YARD. -UT:285

PAGAN GOD see GOD

PAIN (vb) nwalya- (torment). (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalya.) PAIN (noun) naicelë, naicë (= sharp pain); PAINFUL naicelëa -ÑGWAL, NÁYAK

PALATAL SERIES tyelpetéma -LotR:1154

PALE marya (fallow, fawn), malwa (fallow), isca. PALE BLUE helwa -MAD, SMAL, LT1:256, 3EL

PALLID ninquë (chill, white) -WJ:417 cf. NIK-W-

PANSY helin, Helinyetillë ("Eyes of heartsease") (violet) -LT1:262

PARCHED fauca (openmouthed, thirsty) -PHAU

PARCHMENT - in LT2:346, parma "book" is glossed "parchment", but see BARK.

PARENT #nostar (only pl nostari is attested); ontaro (m), ontarë (f), pl ontani parents (begetter) -LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, ONO

PASS auta- (leave, go away); pa.t. oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, meaning *"disappeared" rather than "passed away"), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. -WJ:366; for the gloss "pass" see Silm:229

PASS - mountain pass: falqua (cleft, ravine); pass between hills: cilya (cleft, gorge) (so in Etym, but #cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo not Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -LT2:341, KIL

PASSAGE tarna (crossing, #ford) -LT2:347

PAST, PAST AND OVER (adj) vanwa (departed, lost, vanished, dead, no longer to be had), PAST (noun = past time) vanwië -WAN, Nam

PATH tië (course, line, direction, way, road); #vanda (isolated from Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand- "way, path" on the same page); NARROW PATH axa (ravine);

-TE3/RGEO:67/UT:22 cf. 51, LT1:264, AK

PAUSE lár (also a Númenórean linear measure, nearly one league - see LEAGUE.) -UT:285

PAVED FLOOR paca (court) -TAL, GL:63

PEACE sérë (repose, rest), AT PEACE senda (resting) -SED

PEAK aicalë; MOUNTAIN PEAK aicassë, also #rassë or #ras (isolated from Arfanyarassë, Arfanyaras "high white-shining peak"). -AYAK, WJ:416

PEARL marilla -LT1:265

PEBBLE-BANK sarnië (shingle) -UT:463

PEER tihta- (blink) -MC:223

PEN tecil -TEK

PEOPLE lië, nossë (kin, house). Originally nórë meant "people", but in later [MET] Quenya it means primarily "land". SOME PEOPLE queni -LI, LT1:250/LT2:338, WJ:361 cf. 360

PERCEPTION, KEENNESS OF laicë (acuteness) -LAIK

PEREDHIL Pereldar (the Half-Elven) -Letters:386, cf. LotR:1071

PERFORMATION assa (hole, opening, mouth) -GAS

PERIOD (endless) oio -UT:317

PERPETUAL #oien (isolated from oiencarmë "perpetual production" - but it has also been suggested that this is oi-en-carmë *"ever-re-making", so the word oien is rather doubtful) -MR:329

PERSON quén pl. queni (one, somebody); PERSON AS A WHOLE (body + soul) essë (basically meaning "name"), erdë ("singularity". Note: a homonym means "seed, germ".) -WJ:361 cf. 360, MR:216

PETTY #pitya (isolated from Pitya-naucor "petty-dwarves", see below).

PETTY-DWARVES Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"), Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small dwarves") -WJ:388, 389

PHANTOM fairë ("phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" - pl. fairi is attested. Note: fairë has other shades of meaning as well as wholly different meanings - see SPIRIT, DEATH, RADIANCE, FREEDOM) -MC:223, 221

PHARAZÔN Calion -UT:224, Silm:324

PHONETIC #hlonítë (only attested in the pl. in hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs") -WJ:395

PHYSICAL MATTER orma, hroa (also used = "body"); PHYSICAL STRENGTH tuo -MR:218, 216, TUG

PIERCING maica (sharp), terevë (fine, acute), laicë (glossed "keen, sharp, acute", never "piercing" - but the earlier [TLT] form was laica, glossed "keen, piercing". Note: laicë is also a noun meaning "acuteness, keenness".) -Silm:434, LT1:255, LT2:337

PILE hahta (mound) -KHAG

PILLAR tarma, tulwë (standard, pole) -Silm:438, LT1:270

PILLOW quesset -KWES

PIN tancil (brooch) -TAK

PINETREE - GL:17 has aicassë, but in Etym this word is said to mean "mountain-peak".

PINNACLE (topmost) see FINISH.

PIPE simpa, simpina (flute), rotsë. PIPER simpetar, PIPING simpisë -LT1:266, LT2:347

PIT latta (hole - Note: a homonym means "strap") -DAT

PIVOT peltas (pl peltaxi) -PEL

PLACE men (so in Etym, though this word would clash with *men "to/for us". In LotR, sinomë is translated "on this place", pointing to #nomë as the word for "place". Tolkien first wrote símanë, then changed it to sinomë. If #man in the first word is a variant form of men, Tolkien evidently rejected #man/men in favour of #nomë. On the other hand, men is also mentioned in the language notes in RGEO (p. 72), a late source that is not easily dismissed.) STRONG PLACE sarnë -MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, SAR

*PLANT #olva (only pl olvar is attested, never actually translated "plants" but defined as "growing things with roots in the earth"); LONG TRAILING PLANT uilë ("especially sea-weed", which is explicitly ëaruilë) -Silm:415, UY

PLAY (vb) tyalin ("I play", 1. pers. aorist), PLAY(noun) tyalië (game, sport) -TYAL/LT1:260

PLEDGE vanda (oath, solemn promise) -UT:317

PLENITUDE fárë (all that is wanted, sufficiency) -PHAR

PLIANT maxa (soft) -MASAG

PLOUGH hyar; THE PLOUGH (constellation) see SICKLE OF THE VALAR. -LT2:342

PLUM pio (also used for "cherry") -LT2:347

POEM lairë (Note: a homonym means "summer"), lirit -GLIR, LT1:258

POINT mentë (end), nasta (spearhead, gore, triangle), tixë (dot, tiny mark), tildë (horn), amatixë (point/dot over the line of writing), nuntixë (point/dot under the line of writing) -MET, SNAS, TIK, TIL

POISON (noun) sangwa -SAG

POLLEN malo (yellow powder) -SMAL

POOL nendë, linya, ailin (lake), ringë (cold lake); POOL OF LILIES nénuvar -NEN, LIN, AY, RINGI, LT1:248

POPLAR-TREE tyulussë; HAVING MANY POPLARS lintyulussëa -TYUL, LIN

POPPY fúmella (pl. fumellar [read *fúmellar?] is attested), fúmellot (prob. fúmellót-; cf. lótë "flower". Fúmellot is literally *"flower of sleep", but do not necessarily refer to opium poppies only.) -LT1:252

POSSESS harya-; POSSESSING arwa (+ genitive) (in control of) (Note: harya- is not used of one's offspring. In MR:228, Tolkien notes that "no Elf would speak of possessing children; he would say: 'three children have been added unto me', or 'are with me', or 'are in my house'.") -3AR

POST (wooden) samna (þ) (Distinct from #samna "diphthong" in Tengwar spelling, as the latter is spelt with initial silmë, not súlë.) -STAB

POTTER cemnaro, centano -KEM, TAN

POUR ulya- (intransitive pa. t. ullë, transitive ulyanë; plural subjunctive ullier "should pour" is attested. These forms may obsolete ulu- and ulto- "pour" [transitive and intransitive] in LT1:270); POURING úlëa (flooding, flowing) -ULU, SD:310

POWDER (yellow) malo (pollen) -SMAL

PRAISE (vb) laita- (bless) (Imperative a laita and fut #laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings: laituvalmet, "we shall praise them") PRAISE (noun) #laitalë (isolated from Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru") -LotR:989 cf Letters:308, UT:436

PRAYER #kyermë (isolated from Erukyermë, "prayer to Eru". A verbal stem #kyer- "pray" can also be isolated) -UT:436

PRECIOUS THING mírë (jewel, treasure, shining jewel) -MIR

PRECIPICE (seaward) ollo (cliff). (The alternative form oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252

PRESS sanga (crowd, throng) -STAG/Silm:438

PREVENT FROM COMING TO COMPLETION nuhta- (stunt, stop short, not allow to continue) -WJ:413

PRICK erca-, nasta- (sting); PRICKLE, SPINE erca -ERÉK, NAS

?PRIMARY (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) *yessëa (corrected from the actual reading essea - see BEGINNING) -ESE

PRINCE cundu, haryon (heir); PRINCESS aranel -KUNDU, 3AR, UT:434

PRINCIPAL (prob. adj not noun) héra (chief) -KHER

PROCEED (in any direction) lelya- (pa.t. lendë) (go, travel) -WJ:363

PRODUCTION carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396, but cf. Oiencarmë Eruo "the One's perpetual production". Carmë is also translated "making".) -MR:329

PROFOUND tumna (low-lying, low, deep, dark or hidden) -LT1:271 cf. TUB

PROLONG taita- -TAY

PROMINENT minda (conspicuous) -MINI

PROMISE (solemn) vanda (oath, pledge) -UT:317

PROMONTORY (narrow) ne htë -UT:282

PROP tulco (support) -TULUK

PROPER vanima (fair, beautiful, right) -LT1:272

PROSPEROUS alya (rich, abundant, blessed); PROSPERITY autë (wealth, also adj: rich) -GALA, LT2:336

PROTECT varya-; PROTECTED varna (safe, secure) -BAR

PROVERBIAL DICTUM ("a saying, a current or proverbial dictum") eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, quotation, saying) -WJ:392

PROW OF A SHIP lango (broad sword) -LAG

P-SERIES parmatéma (labials) -LotR:1154

PUFF hwesta-; PUFF OF AIR hwesta (breath, breeze) -SWES

PURE poica -POY

PURSUE roita- -ROY¹

PUT ASIDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake); PUT A STOP TO pusta- (stop, cease) -WJ:365, PUS

PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout) -LT:258

PUTRID saura (þ) (foul, evil-smelling) - in compounds #sauri-, see FOUL. -THUS

<Q>

QUANTITY (great) úvë (abundance) -UB

QUARREL costa- -KOT

QUEEN tári (gen tário is attested). LT1:260 has turinqui "queen", while LT1:273 gives vardi, but these are hardly valid words in mature Quenya. QUEEN OF STARS (Varda's title) Elentári (so in LotR and Silm; Etym has also Tinwetári, Tinwetar, Tinwerontar); QUEEN OF THE EARTH Kementári (a title of Yavanna) -TÂ/LT1:264/Nam, Silm:55/437/30

QUICK SHAKE rincë (flourish) -RIK

QUIET (noun) quildë (rest, hush) -GL:23

QUIVER vainolë -LT1:271

QUOTATION eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum, saying) -WJ:392

<R>

RACE nórë (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, native land, family) -NÔ

RADAGAST Aiwendil ("Lover of Birds", his original Valinorean name, not an actual translation of "Radagast", which is either Adûnaic for "Tender of Beasts" or a Mannish name of uncertain meaning). -UT:393/417, cf. 390, 401

RADIANCE alcar, alcarë (brilliance, splendour), fairë (Note: this word has several other meanings - see DEATH, FREEDOM, PHANTOM), nalta (glittering reflection - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) RADIANT alcarinqua (glorious) -AKLA-R, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where alcar, alkar is translated "splendour")

RAGE aha -LotR:1157

RAIN mistë (fine rain), rossë (fine rain, dew, spray), ucco; RAINBOW helyanwë (lit. "sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta. (LT2 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this was obsoleted toghether with ilu "sky"; see SKY.) -MIZD, ROS cf. Letters:282, GL:74, 3EL, LT1:256, LT2:348

RAISE orta- (lift up, rise) (pa.t. ortanë is attested; orta- probably obsoletes orto- in LT1:256), amu- -ORO, Nam, RGEO:67, LT2:335

RAPID larca, alarca -LAK

RAT *nyaro ("nyano" in LR:379 must be a misreading) -NYAD

RAVINE axa (narrow path), yáwë (cleft, gulf), falqua (cleft, mountain pass) -AK, LT2:341

RAY OF LIGHT alca; RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -AKLA-R, LT2:341

"RAYMENT, VEILS" fana (pl fanar is attested. This word was used of the visible bodies in which the Valar presented themselves to incarnates.) -RGEO:74

RE- (prefix) en- (as in entulessë "return" and envinyatar "renewer", q.v. Also used on verbs: #enquat- "refill" [only fut. enquantuva is attested, see REFILL]. Before the consonants l, m, r, s, the prefix en- would be assimilated to *el-, *em-, *er-, and *es-, respectively. Very early [The Lost Tales] "Qenya" has an- instead of en- [see LT1:184].)

REACH *rahta- (strech out) (Corrected from the actual reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) -LT1:335

REAL anwa (actual, true) -ANA²

REALM arda (region). This word means "any more or less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402). Arda (with a capital A) was "the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of Eä". -3AR, Letters:283

REAR tellë -TELES

RECALL #enyal- (inf. enyalië) -UT:302, 317

RECKON not-; *RECKONING #onótimë (isolated from Yénonótië *"reckoning of years"), *RECKONER Onótimo (the untranslated title of one Quennar, an expert of chronology) -NOT, MR:48-51

RECEIVE tuvu- (same as in utútvienyes "I have found it"? See FIND) -GL:71

RED carnë, aira ("ruddy, copper-coloured"), narwa ("fiery red", cf. nárë "flame"), nasar (adopted from Valarin; used in Vanyarin Quenya only); RED [HEAT?] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) yulmë (Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal"). RED FLAME rúnya, WITH ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië (a pl form? Sg *carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne- instead of carni-.) -KARÁN/Silm:429, GAY, NAR, WJ:399, YUL, Silm:437, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224

REED liscë (sedge) -LT2:335 (GL:34 also gives feng-, but some ending would be required)

REEK usquë -USUK

REFILL #enquat- (only fut. enquantuva is attested, but cf. quat- "fill" in WJ:392) -Nam

REFLECTION (glittering) nalta (radiance - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -PM:347

REFUSE váquet- (forbid, say no) (1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given) avaquet- (forbid) (the pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë; cf. quet- under SAY), ava- (say no). (Pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language".) -WJ:370, KWET

REGION ména, arda (realm) -MEN, LotR:1157

REGULAR sanya (þ) (law-abiding, normal) -STAN

RELATE nyar- (tell); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima -NAR², WJ:370

RELEASE fainu- -LT2:250

REMAINS erin -LT1:269

REMOTE haira (far), eccaira, avaha ira -KHAYA

REND narci-; RENDING naraca (harsh, violent) -NÁRAK

RENEW #envinyata- (heal) (isolated from Envinyatar, see below. Past participle Envinyanta is attested, though it is translated "healed" rather than *"renewed".) RENEWER Envinyatar -MR:405, LotR:897

REPEAT tatya- (double); REPEATED vorima (continual) -TATA, BOR

REPOSE Estë (the name of a Valië; because of this name, estë fell out of use as a general word for "repose"). -WJ:403, 404

RESONANT (of strings) tunga (taut, tight) -TUG

REST serin ("I rest", 1. pers. aorist); REST (noun) sérë (repose, peace), quildë (quiet, hush); Estë (the name of a Valië; because of this name, estë fell out of use as a general word for "rest") (repose); TAKE A REST hauta-; RESTING senda (at peace) -SED, EZDÊ/WJ:404, GL:23, KHAW

RETURN (vb) pel- (revolve, go round), RETURN (noun) entulessë -PEL, UT:171, 434

REVERED The element #ar- in Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)" -WJ:416

REVERSED nuquerna -LotR:1157

REVOLVE pel- (return, go round) -PEL

RICH alya (prosperous, abundant, blessed), autë (also as noun: prosperity, wealth) herenya (wealthy, fortunate, blessed) -GALA, LT2:335, KHER

RIDER roquen (horseman, knight) -WJ:372, UT:282

RIGHT téra (straight), vanima (fair, proper, beautiful). RIGHT (direction) forya, fortë (Note: the latter word also means "north"); RIGHTHANDED formaitë (dexterous) -TE3, LT1:272, PHOR

RIME ringwë (frost) -LT1:255

RING #corma (isolated from cormacolindor "Ring-bearers"); RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië 30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday); RING-WRAITHS Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl; sg #Úlairë? Note that Úlairi is not a literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the prefix ú- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the word is obscure. Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly have anything to do with #lairi. The syllable úl- may also have something to do with the Black Speech word gûl, wraith.) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, Silm:362, 417

RINGING SOUND láma (echo - so in Etym, but see SOUND) -LAM

RISE orta- (pa.t. ortanë is attested; orta- obsoletes oro- in LT1:256) (lift up, raise); RISING (noun) órë (Note: a homonym means "heart, inner mind"; but cf. MIGHTY-RISING); SUNRISE anarórë (LT1:264 has orontë, oronto, but these words may not be valid in mature Quenya). -ORO, LT1:256, Nam/RGEO:67

RIVER sírë (stream) (pl. probably *sírer not *síri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. For "river" LT1:248/262 also gives nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi; LT1:265 gives sindi; these may not be valid words in mature Quenya). RIVULET siril; MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -SIR, ET

ROAD tëa (straight line), mallë (pl. maller not *malli), ROAD IN SEA londë (entrance to harbour, translated "haven" in Alqualondë Haven of the Swans, UT:417), tië (path, course, direction, way), #vanda (isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand- "way, path" on the same page - but since vanda means "oath" in a later source [UT:317], this word may be obsolete) -TEÑ, LR:47, LOD, TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264

ROARING (adj) rávëa; ROARING NOISE rávë (pl. probably *ráver not *rávi, compare the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver). -MC:223 cf. 215

ROBE vaima -LT1:271

ROCKHEWN HALL hróta (dwelling underground, artificial cave) -PM:365

ROOF (vb) tópa-; ROOF (noun) tópa; HAVING A ROOF telda; "DOWN-ROOF" (cover) untúpa- -TOP, LT2:348, RGEO:67/Nam

ROOM sambë (þ) (chamber) -STAB

ROOT, ROOTWORD sundo (pl #sundar in Tarmasundar "Roots of the Pillar" in UT:166, but this may be a different word) (base), talma (foundation, base), sulca (esp. edible root) -SUD, TAL, SÚLUK

ROUND corna (globed), corima; ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield), GO ROUND pel- (return, revolve) -KOR, LT1:257, 269, PEL

ROW téma (series, line) (pl témar is attested) -TEÑ, LotR:1153

ROYAL #arna (isolated from Arnanor, Arnanórë, "royal land", Arnor); ROYALIST arandil (king's friend) -Letters:428, 386

RUDDY aira (red, copper-coloured), roina -GAY, ROY

RUINOUS atalantëa (pl. atalantië is attested) -MC:222, 223

RULE (vb) heru- (Note: heru is also the noun "lord"). LT1:273 has vard- "rule, govern", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. RULE (noun) sanyë (þ) (law), axan (commandment, law) -LT1:272, STAN, WJ:399

RULER cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER) (governor, chieftain, commander), #tur (as in Minyatur, "first Ruler") (lord) -UT:400, 466

RUN ON, RUN SMOOTHLY nornoro- -LT1:263

RUNE certa (pl certar is attested. This word occurred in Exilic Quenya only, adopted and adapted from Sindarin certh. Tolkien notes that if inherited, the form would have had the form *cirtë.) -WJ:396, LotR:1151

RUSHING (adjectival) rimpa (flying), arauca (swift); RUSHING (noun) ormë (wrath, violence, haste) -KHOR, LT2:347, GOR

RUSTLE escë (noise of leaves) -EZGE

<S>

SAFE varna (protected, secure). (GL:58 has moina "safe, secure", but in mature Quenya moina means "dear, familiar", and the former moina seems to have become muina "hidden, secret".) SAFE KEEPING mando (custody) -BAR, MR:350

SAGA nyárë, nyarna (tale, history) -NAR²

SAGACIOUS finwa -LT1:253

SAIL #cir- (only attested as a continuative stem: círa). LT1:273 has wili- "sail, float, fly", but see FLY. -MC:221

SAILOR ciryaquen (shipman) -WJ:372

SAKALTHÔR Falassion -UT:223

SALVE lipsa -LIP

SANCTUARY yána (holy place) -YAN

SAND litsë -LIT

SARUMAN Curumo (= Sindarin Curunír) -UT:393, 401, 427

SATURN Lumbar -WJ:xi/Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55

SAURON (The Abhorred) Sauron (þ), other names Súro, Sauro (all S) -THUS

SAVIOUR sáro (þ) (isolated from the word Nanisáro "saviour of the Dani") -LR:188

SAY quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk), equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used only before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the senses say / says or said. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she' ." (WJ:392, 415) Cf. also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language"). NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) -Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392

SCHOLAR istyar (learned man) -IS

SCOOP OUT calpa- (draw out, bale out) -KALPA

SCORN yaiwë (mocking) -YAY

SCREEN (vb) telta- (canopy, ov ershadow), SCREEN FROM LIGHT halya- (veil, conceal) -SKAL, TEL

SEA ëar, airë (said to apply to "inner seas of Middle-earth" in Etym, but Tolkien later used these words of the ocean). LT2:347 also gives Rása "the Sea". SEA-DWELLING Eämbar (name of a ship), SEA-SPIRIT falmar/falmarin (pl. falmarindi) (nymph), SEA-ELF Teler (Telellië, Telelli "Teler-folk", adj Telerin "Telerian"), SEAWEED ëaruilë (also simply uilë, see PLANT), CHILD OF THE SEA oar (merchild), SEAWARD PRECIPICE ollo (cliff). (The alternative form oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -AYAR/Letters:386/RGEO:73, UT:430, LT2:347, TELES, LT1:263, LT1:252

SECOND #tatya (cf. Tatyar, "the Seconds", the Second Clan of the Elves), neuna; THE SECOND Atani (sg Atan - an Elvish name of Men, later only used of Men of the Three Houses of the Edain.) -WJ:420, NDEW, WJ:403

SECRET (adj) muina (hidden), nulla, nulda, lomba; SECRET (noun) fólë (secrecy); SECRECY muilë, fólë (secret), SECRETIVE fólima -MUY, DUL, LT1:255, LT2:340

SECURE varna (protected, safe), SECURITY varnassë. (GL:58 has moina "safe, secure", but in mature Quenya moina means "dear, familiar", and the former moina seems to have become muina "hidden, secret".) -BAR

SEDGE liscë (reed) -LT2:335

SEE cen- (behold) (future tense cenuva is attested), véla-; SEE! ela (lo! look!) (directing sight to an actually visible object) -MC:222, Arct, WJ:362 cf. 360

SEED erdë (germ. Note: a homonym means "person".) -ERÉD

SEIZE mapa- (grasp) This word was struck out in one of Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339

SELF-NAME #cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice": #cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.")

SEND FLYING horta- (speed, urge) -KHOR

SEND FOR tulta- (fetch, summon) -TUL

SENTENCE quentelë -LT2:348

SEPTEMBER Yavannië -LotR:1144/1146/Silm:439

SERIES téma (pl. témar is attested) (row, line) -TEÑ, LotR:1153

SERPENT lókë (snake, dragon; "so do the Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85). The word foalókë is said to be a "name of a serpent that guarded a treasure". The word is not capitalized, so this "name" must be a common noun and not a proper name. -LOK, LT2:340

SERVANT -(n)dur (final element in compounds, e.g. arandur "king's servant, minister, steward". When the first part of the compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of -ndur is left out). -Letters:386

SET panya- (fix), SET (of Sun or Moon) núta- (sink, stoop), SET UP tulca- (fix, establish; Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable".) -PAN, NDÛ, LT1:270 cf. TULUK

SETTLED - be settled: mar- (abide, be fixed) -UT:317

SEVEN otso -OT

SHADE lëo (= shadow cast by an object), laimë, lómin (shadow); SHADES OF NIGHT lómë (Night, night-time, dusk, gloom, twilight), SHADY halda (veiled, hidden, shadowed), laira -DAY, LT1:255, DO3

SHADOW lëo ( =shadow cast by an object) (shade), lómin (shade), lumbulë (=[heavy] shadow), fuinë, huinë (= deep shadow) (gloom, darkness), ungo (=dark shadow) (cloud), mordo, lumbë (gloom). "The Shadow" meaning Sauron should probably be Huinë, since this word is associated with his coming to Númenor in LR:47 and SD:246/310. SHADOWED halda (veiled, hidden, shady). -DAY, LT1:255, Nam/RGEO:67, PHUY, UÑG, MOR, LUM, SKAL

SHAGGY aulë (May have been obsoleted by the later [TLT] word aulë "invention".) -LT1:249

SHAKE (quick) rincë (flourish) -RIK

SHAPE (vb) canta-, venië (infinitive? Stem #ven-?) (cut); SHAPE (noun) venwë (cut), SHAPED canta (also as quasi-suffix, e.g. lassecanta "leaf-shaped"); SHAPED STONE ambal (flag) -KAT, LT1:254, MBAL

SHARE hyanda (blade) -LT2:342

SHARP laicë, maica (piercing), aica (fell, terrible, dire; this gloss "sharp" is isolated from one translation of Aicanáro:) SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro "Fell Fire, Aegnor" (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár) -LAIK, Silm:434, AYAK, MR:323

SHARP-PROWED SHIP cirya (see SHIP) -Silm:433 (where the spelling círya occurs, but all other sources have cirya with a short i, so círya is likely an error by Christopher Tolkien).

SHATTERED rúcina (confused, disordered) -MC:223

SHEATH vainë -LT1:271

SHEEN, THE Isil (Moon) -THIL

SHEEP máma (Unlike English "sheep", this word probably has a distinct plural *mámar.) -WJ:395

SHELL hyalma (conch, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL

SHEPERD mavor (GL:58 gives mavar); SHEPERDESS emerwen -LT1:268, UT:434

SHIELD turma; BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated round hill) -TURÚM, LT1:269

SHIFT (of large and heavy things:) rúma- (part. rúmala is attested) (heave, move) -MC:223, 222

SHINE cala- (fut. caluva is attested), calta-; SHINE WHITE sil- (present tense síla, aorist sg. silë, aorist pl. silir, and freq. sisíla- are attested), ninquita-; SHINING WHITE (adj) silma (silver) -LT1:254, UT:22 cf. 51, KAL, MC:223, NIK-W, SIL/LotR:94/The Return of the Shadow:324

SHINGLE sarnië (pebble-bank) -UT:463

SHIP cirya (defined as "sharp-prowed ship" in Silm:433; dual ciriat [read *ciryat?] is attested in Letters:427; all numbers and cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva are attested in the Plotz letter. In Silm:433, the spelling círya occurs, but all other sources have cirya with a short i, so círya is likely an error by Christopher Tolkien); luntë (boat); SHIPMAN ciryaquen (sailor) -KIR, LT1:249/LUT, WJ:318

SHORE falas (falass-), falassë (beach, line of surf); hyapat; SHORE-PIPER, SHORELAND PIPER Solosimpë (pl Solosimpi is attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431, SKYAP, LT1:251, 265

SHORT sinta (þ); SHORT STABBING SWORD ecet (broad-bladed sword) -STINTÂ, UT:284

SHOULDER róma (Note: a homonym means "horn" or "trumpet-sound, loud sound") See also BACK. -LT2:335

SHOUT (vb) rama-; SHOUT (noun) rambë, SHOUT OF TRIUMPH yello (call), SHOUTER ramandor (but in mature Quenya this would probably be a pl; sg *ramando) -LT1:259, GYEL

SHOW tana- (indicate) (Note: tana also means "that".) -MR:385

SICKLE circa; SICKLE OF THE VALAR Valacirca (= the Great Bear, the Plough, the Big Dipper or the Wain), also called Otselen = The Seven Stars. -KIRIK, OT

SICK(LY) laiwa (ill), caimassë, caimassëa (bedridden), engwa (cf. Engwar "The Sickly", an Elvish name for Men); SICKNESS quámë, lívë, caila (lying in bed) -SLIW, KAY, GENG-WÂ, Silm:122, KWAM

SIGH see EXPIRE. Cf. also one of Nienna's titles: Núri, she who sighs. -LT1:263 cf. 66.

SIGN tanna, taina; tengwë (indication, token, writing - pl tengwi is attested), tehta (mark [in writing], diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear vowel-signs of Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is attested.) SYSTEM OR CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (grammar) -MR:385, WJ:394, 395, TEK

SIGNIFER Tancol ("the significant Star", probably = Venus)

SILVER telpë, telep- (tyelpë, tyelep- was the original form of the word in Noldorin Quenya, but "the form telpe became usual, through the influence of Telerin; for the Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" [UT:266]. However, in Letters:426 it is stated that "the form tyelpë remained in Quenya" and was not wholly displaced by telpë. LT1:268 has telpë = telempë.) Cf. also ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver), +silmë (also meaning light of Silpion, starlight). SILVER (prob. adj) tinda (glinting), OF SILVER telepsa, telpina, telemna. SILVER LIGHT istel, istil ("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight, probably a Q[uenya] form learned from Melian"). SILVER GLINT nillë (a star on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor. Spelt ñillë, i.e., ngillë, in MR:388, but initial ng had become n in Third Age pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But is this word is written in Tengwar, the letter noldo, not númen, should be used to transcribe the initial n.) -Silm:429, KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388

SINEW tuo (muscle) -TUG

SING lirin ("I sing", 1. pers. aorist) (chant); SINGER nyello, lindo (singing bird); SINGERS Lindar (a name of the Teleri); SINGING lindë (air, tune, song), SINGING CLUSTER Lindeloktë (labernum). This is the form given in LT1:258; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya: read *Lindelohtë? -GLIR, NYEL, LIN², WJ:418, Silm:431, LT1:258

SINGLE erya (sole), SINGLY eressë (only, alone, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269

SINGULARITY erdë (used in the sense "person as a whole", body and soul. Note: a homonym means "seed, germ".) -MR:216

SINK (of Sun and Moon) núta- (set) -NDÛ

SIP salpa- (lick up, sup) -SÁLAP

SIRIUS Niellúnë, Nierninwa -LT1:262

SISTER seler (þ) (pl. selli), onómë, onónë; SISTER (usually not of bloodkinship) osellë (þ) (associate) -THEL, NÔ

SIT #hára- (only pl hárar "are sitting" is attested. In Etym, "sit" is ham-) -KHAM, UT:317, KHAM

SIX enquë -ÉNEK

SKIES fanyarë (upper airs and clouds) -MC:223

SKILL curu; SKILLED maitë (pl. maisi) (handy), BE SKILLED IN DEALING WITH hanya- (understand, know about) -Silm:429, MA3, KHAN

SKIN helma (fell) (parma in LT2:346 is obsolete; see BARK) -SKEL

SKY vilya (older [MET] wilya) (air), helwa, ilwë (heavens), telimbo (canopy), taimë, taimië. (LT2:348 gives ilu, but the meaning of this word was later changed - Tolkien decided that Ilúvatar means "All-Father", not "Sky-Father" as he originally thought.) "SKY-BRIDGE" (i.e., rainbow) helyanwë -LotR:1157, 3EL, LT1:255, LT2:348, LT1:268

SLACKEN lehta-, leuca- (loose) (Note: leuca is also a noun meaning "snake". Anyway, leuca- in Etym is likely a misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta- is to be preferred.) -LEK

SLASH cirissë (gash) -KIRIS

SLAVE mól (thrall) -MÔ

SLAY mac- -LT1:259

SLEEP (noun) fúmë. (This word points to *fum- as the stem of the verb "to sleep".) FLOWER OF SLEEP - see POPPY. -LT1:253

SLENDER nindë, teren, terenë -NIN-DI, TER

SLIDE DOWN talta- (slip, collapse) -MC:223

SLIP talta- (slide down, collapse) -MC:223

SLOPE (vb) talta-; SLOPE (noun) pendë (downslope, declivity), ampendë (upward slope), SLOPING DOWN penda (inclined) -PEN

SLOW lenca -LT2:341

SLUMBER (vb) lor-, muru-, SLUMBER (noun) lórë, murmë, SLUMBROUS lorda (drowsy), murmëa -LT1:259, LOS, LT1:259, 260

*SMALL pitya (never translated, but Pitya-naucor is glossed "petty-dwarves", and pica "small spot" must be derived from the same root.) Cf. also nauca, an adjective "especially applied to things that though in themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter than their kind, and were hard, twisted, or ill-shapen." LT1:256 has an adjective inya "small", but this is probably not a valid word in mature Quenya (in that language *inya may mean "my, mine".) -PIK, WJ:389, 413

SMALL STONE sar (pl. sardi) -SAR

SMEARED púrëa (discoloured) -MC:223

SMITH tano (craftsman), SMITH OF THE WOR LD Talca Marwa (a title of Aulë) -TAN, LT1:266

SMOOTH pasta -PATH

SMOULDERING HEAT yulmë (red [?heat] - Tolkien's handwriting was illegible); SMOULDERING WOOD yúla (ember) -YUL

SNAKE ango (pl. angwi), leuca, lókë (serpent, dragon; "so do the Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85) -ANGWA, LotR:1149, LT2:340

SNARE neuma -SNEW

SNARL yarra (growl) -MC:223

SNOUT mundo (nose, cape) -MBUD

SNOW lossë (spesifically "fallen snow", also adjective "snow-white"; +olos, +olossë. Etym also gives niquë, but this word is obsoleted by a statement in WJ:417: "nique does not refer to snow, but to cold". This statement may obsolete niquetil "snowcap" in LT1:266. Is niquis "snow" from the same source a valid word? GL:35 has fáwë "snow" and fauta "it snows".) LIGHT SNOW is, SNOW-WHITE lossë (which may also be the noun "snow"), SNOWDROP nieninquë (lit. "white tear") -RGEO:69, GOLÓS, NIK-W-, NEI, LT1:256, LT1:262/266

SOAP lipsa -LIB¹

SOFT maxa (pliant), moica -MASAG, GL:58

SOIL 1. (noun) kemen (earth), 2. (vb) vahta- (stain), SOILED vára (dirty) -LT1:257, WA3

SOLE erya (single), SOLITUDE eressë (also as adverb: single, only, alone) -ERE cf. LT1:269

SOLE OF FOOT tallúnë (the form talas in LT2 is probably obsolete) -RUN, LT2:347

SOLEMN PROMISE vanda (oath, pledge) -UT:317

SOLITARY erda (deserted) -LT1:269

SOLITUDE eressë (also as adverb: singly, only, alone) -ERE, LT1:269

SOMBRE morna (black, gloomy, dark) -MOR

SON yondo (male descendant), (suffix:) -ion, e.g. Finwion "son of Finwë". Cf. also the vocative yonya *"my son", a contraction of *yondonya. (The forms vô, vondo "son" in LT2 are certainly obsolete, as are the notions that yondo meant "(great) grandson" and that yô-, yond- "son" was used only in poetry. But LT2 does confirm that -ion was "very common...in patronymics".) SON OF THE DARK (= Morgoth) morion YO, MR:217, LR:61, LT2:336, 344, LT1:260 cf. FS

SONG lindë (air, tune, singing), #lírë (only attested in the instrumental case: lírinen; pl. probably *lírer not *líri, compare the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl. tyáver), lirilla (lay). See also MUSIC. -GLIN, Nam, LT1:258

SOON rato -Arct

SOPE lipsa -LIB

SORROW nyérë (grief). Pl. probably *nyérer not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver. -GL:60

SOUL fëa (spirit; pl fëar is attested. In MR:330, Tolkien notes that fëa is "roughly but not exactly equivalent to...'soul'.") -MR:349, 218, cf. Silm:431

SOUND lamma (= sound in general?), #hlon (only pl. hloni is attested; the word is used of the sounds of a language), róma (= loud sound, trumpet-sound. Note: róma also means "shoulder"), láma (according to Etym = "ringing sound, echo", but see below); SOUND-TASTE lámatyávë (pl. lámatyáver is attested), i.e., "individual pleasure in the sounds and forms of words". Tolkien seems undecided about the exact meaning of láma. Etym gives "ringing sound, echo"; in WJ:416 it is said that the stem LAMA refers "especially to vocal sounds, but was applied only to those that were confused or inarticulate. It was generally used to describe the various cries of beasts." But the word lámatyávë "sound-taste", by which an Elf chose or made a name for him/herself [see NAME-CHOOSING], seems to imply that láma can also be used of articulated speech. -LAM, WJ:394, ROM, MR:215, 216

SOUTH hyarmen (LT2:248 also gives Sahóra, but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); SOUTHERN hyarmenya, "SOUTH-VICTOR" Hyarmendacil (one of the Kings of Gondor), SOUTHEASTLANDS Hyarrostar, SOUTHWESTLANDS Hyarnustar (regions in Númenor) -KHYAR/LotR:1157, LotR:1075/1082, UT:165, 446

SOW rerin ("I sow", 1. person aorist), pa.t. rendë -RED

SPARK - make/cause to spark: tinta- (kindle). SPARK (noun) tinwë (sparkle). -TIN, Silm:438

SPARKLE (vb) tintina- (pl. tintinar is attested), MAKE TO SPARKLE tinta- (kindle); SPARKLE, SPARK (noun) tinwë (often = "star") -TIN, Silm:438

SPEAK quet- (pa.t. quentë) (say, talk) -LT2:348

SPEAR ehtë, ecco; SPEAR-HEAD nehtë (gore, wedge, narrow promontory), nasta (gore, point, triangle), SPEARMAN ehtyar -EK, SNAS, UT:282

SPECIES nostalë (kind) -LT1:272

SPEECH #questa (isolated from tarquesta "high speech") -TÂ

SPEED (vb) horta- (urge, send flying), SPEEDING hortalë (urging) -KHOR

SPELLING tencelë (writing system) -TEK

SPIDER liantë (so in Etym; in LT1:271, liantë is glossed "tendril"); SPIDER FILAMENT lia (Note: lia- is also the verb "twine"); SPIDER'S WEB ungwë (but in LT1:271, ungwë is glossed "spider") -SLIG, LotR:1157

SPIKE nassë (thorn), tinda; ROW OF SPIKES (or teeth) carcassë, carcaras -NAS, LT1:258, LT2:344

SPINDRIFT wingë (wingi-) (crest [of wave], foam) -LT1:273 cf. WIG

SPIRANT CONSONANT surya -SUS

SPIRIT fëa (= the spirit or "soul" of an incarnate, normally housed in a body; pl fëar is attested), ëala ("being", pl. ëalar is attested. Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs), súlë (þ) (earlier [MET] thúlë, Súlë) , manu (= departed spirit; LT1:260 has mánë), fairë (= spirit in general, as opposed to matter, or a phantom or disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi is attested), vilissë. A person's "spirit" meaning his or her general personality and attitude may be rendered by the word órë, in LotR defined as "heart, inner mind" (q.v.), cf. PM:337, where it is said that "there dwelt in her [Galadriel] the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested. The Nermir are "fays of the meads".) -MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431; LotR:1157, MAN, MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260

SPIT piuta -PIW

SPLIT sanca (þ) (cleft) -STAK

SPONGE hwan (pl. hwandi) (fungus) -SWAD

SPORT tyalië (game, play) -TYAL

SPOT men (place - Tolkien may have rejected this word, see PLACE), SMALL SPOT pica (dot) -MEN, PIK

SPRAY (of fall or fountain) rossë (fine rain, dew) -Letters:282 cf. ROS

SPREAD palu-, palya- (open wide, extend, expand) -PAL

SPRING (vb) tuia- (sprout); SPRING (noun) ehtelë (fountain, issue of water), SPRING OF WATER capalinda, WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë (freshlet), SPRING-TIME tuilë (this word literally means "budding, also collectively - buds, new shoots, fresh green" [LT1:269]. Also used = dayspring, early morn. In the Calendar of Imladris, tuilë was a precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition. Beside tuilë, LT1:269 also has tuiliérë.) FIRST BEGINNING OF SPRING coirë ("stirring", according to the Calendar of Imladris a period of 54 days in early spring); "SPRING-SINGER" (i.e., swallow) tuilindo -TUY/LotR 1141, 1145, KEL, UT:426, LT1:260, Silm:429, LT2:338/LT1:269

SPROUT (vb) tuia (spring), *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (put forth leaves or flowers); SPROUT (noun) tuima (bud) -TUY, LT:258

SQUAT haca- -GL:47

STABBING SWORD (short) ecet (broad-bladed sword) -UT:284/432

STAFF - LT1:264 has vandl, but the cluster ndl cannot occur in mature Quenya. Read *vandel?

STAIN (vb) vahta-, STAIN (noun) vaxë -WA3

STAND ASIDE! heca! (be gone!). Also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you stand aside!" -WJ:364

STANDARD tulwë (standard, pole) -LT1:270

STAR elen (normal pl eleni, but occasionally +eldi in verse; allative elenna and pl ablative elenillor are attested), +él (pl. éli is mentioned), tinwë (properly = sparkle), ílë. (Note: in Etym elen is said to be poetic, but Tolkien later concluded that elen was "the normal word for a star on the actual firmanent", the poetic word being él instead. According to MR:388, a tinwë was one of the "apparent stars" on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor, also called nillë or "silver glint". Etym mentions the words ellen and elena without glossing them, but according to Silm:431 elena is an adjective meaning "of the stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë, HAVING MANY STARS lintitinwë; STARLIKE elvëa (pl. elvië is attested); STARWARDS elenna (Elenna or Elennanórë, "the land named Starwards", a name of Númenor); STARLIGHT silmë (light of Silpion); STARCROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in Silm:42; Etym has Elerína); STAR-QUEEN (=Varda) Elentári; STARLIT DUSK, STARRY TWILIGHT tindómë. See also *STELLAR. -EL, Silm:313, MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362, UT:317, LotR:1157, LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO, Silm:438

STATUTE namna -MR:258

STEADFAST tulca (firm, strong, immoveable; Note: there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), vórima, voronda ("steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful"). -TULUK cf. LT1:270, UT:317

STEADY tulunca (firm) -LT1:270

STEEL erë, eren (meaning either iron or steel), yaisa -LT1:252, GL:37

STEEP aiqua, oronta -AYAK, LT1:256

*STELLAR elenya (no gloss is actually given; the word is simply defined as "an adjective referring to stars". There are also the adjectives elda and elena, translated "of the stars". But in normal Quenya, elda primarily means "Elf", pl. Eldar. Use elenya or elena.) -WJ:362, Silm:431

STEM telco (leg) -LotR:1154

STEWARD arandur (king's servant, minister) -Letters:386, UT:313

STICK TO himya- (cleave to, abide by), STICKING himba (adhering) -KHIM

STIFF norna (tough), tarya; STIFF, DRY GRASS sara (þ) (bent) -WJ:413, TÁRAG, STAR

STILL (= *"yet, despite that", not in the sense "unmoving":) er (only, one, alone, but, still) -LT1:269

STING nasta- (prick) -NAS

STINK yolo- -GL:41

STIRRING coirë (according to the Calendar of Imladris a period of 54 days in early spring)

-LotR:1141, 1142

STONE ondo (defined as stone "as a material" in Etym, but used of natural rocks in MC:222: ondolissë mornë, *"upon dark rocks". LT1 and LT2 has simply on, ondo "stone, a stone"), sar (sard-) (= small stone); OF STONE sarna. STONE SONG Ondolindë (Gondolin). See also ELFSTONE, FLINTSTONE. -GONOD (see GOND), Silm:431, LT1:254/LT2:342, SAR, Silm:415

STOOP núta- (sink, set [of Sun and Moon]) -LT1:263 cf. NDÛ

STOP hauta- (take a rest, cease), pusta- (put a stop to, but also intr: cease), tápë (3 pers sg pres; pa.t. tampë is given) (block), STOP SHORT nuhta- (stunt, prevent from coming to completion, not allow to continue). FULL STOP ("in punctuation" - in Fëanorian writing probably the symbol :) putta, pusta; STOPPED CONSONANT (i.e., plosive consonant?) punta; STOPPER tampa -KHAW, PUS, TAP, WJ:413

STORM raumo (glossed "[noise of a] storm" in MC:223)

STRAIGHT téra (right), lenwa (long, thin, narrow); STRAIGHT LINE tëa (road) -TE3, TEÑ, LT2:341

STRAP latta (Note: a homonym means "hole, pit") -LATH

STRAY ranya-; STRAYING (noun) ránë (wandering) (pl. probably *ráner not *ráni; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl tyáver.) -RAN

STREAM (vb) celu- ("streem out swiftly"; there is also a noun celu "stream"), STREAM (noun) celumë (flow, flowing, flood, tide), celu, sírë (river); STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu- (fly in the wind; part. hlápula is attested) -UT:446, LT1:265, MC:223, 222/LT1:257

STRECH lenu-; STRETCH OUT *rahta- (reach) (Corrected from the actual reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) -LT1:341, 335

STREET mallë -MBAL, LT1:263

STRENGTH (physical) tuo -TUG

STRIDER Telcontar -MR:897

STRIPPED BARE helda (naked) -SKEL

STROKE ("of pen of brush ['] when not used as long mark") tecco -TEK

STRONG tulca (firm, immoveable, steadfast. Note: there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), STRONG (physically) polda (burley), STRONG PLACE sarnë -TULUK, POL, SAR

STUNT nuhta- ("prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue" -WJ:413

SUBLIME, THE Varda (this word should probably not be used as a normal adjective. It is also translated the Lofty.) -WJ:402

SUCCESSOR neuro (follower) -NDEW

SUFFICE farya- (pa.t. farnë) (Note: #farnë also means "dwelling"); SUFFICIENCY fárë (plenitude, all that is wanted), SUFFICIENT farëa (enough) -PHAR

SUFFOCATE quoro- (choke) -LT1:264

SUMMER lairë (Note: a homonym means "poem". In the Calendar of Imladris, lairë was a precisely defined period of 72 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition), saiwen (cf. saiwa "hot".) "EVER-SUMMER" oiolairë, "SUMMER-SNOW-WHITE" lairelossë (evergreen trees brought to Númenor by the Eldar) -LotR:1141, 1145, Letters:282, LT1:265, UT:167, 458, UT:167, 449

SUMMIT - LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but in mature Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing".

SUMMON tulta- (send for, fetch), yal- (dative infinitive #yalien is attested in enyalien "for the re-calling"). -TUL, UT:317

SUN Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the latter was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin is glossed "blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is Úr ["Ûr"] or Úri, Úrinci, Urwen.The stem Úrin is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of flame"), Calavénë, Calaventë (another names for the Sun). SUNLIGHT árë (older [MET] ázë); SUNRISE anarórë, ambaron/Ambarónë (uprising, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR), rómen (glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east"). SUNSET andúnë (west, evening), núro. (Amuntë in LT2 is certainly obsolete); RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -ANÁR, UR, LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM, LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341

SOUP sulpa -LT1:266

STUDY (long) nólë (wisdom, lore, knowledge). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -ÑGOL, Silm:432

SUP salpa- (so in Etym; "take a sup of" in LT1:266) (sip, lick up) -SÁLAP, LT1:266

SUPPORT (noun) tulto (prop) -TULUK

SUPPOSE intya-; SUPPOSITION intya (guess, idea) -INK

SUPREME The Supreme Aratar (pl; sg #Arata). The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "High Ones, Exalted Ones" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402

SURE tanca (firm, fixed) -TAK

SURF solor, solossë (surge). LINE OF SURF falassë (beach, shore) -SOL, LT1:266, Silm:431

SURFACE palúrë (bosom, bosom of Earth - Tolkien equated palúrë with the Old English word folde), palmë -PAL

SURGE (noun) solossë (surf) -LT1:266

SWALLOW tuilindo (lit. "spring-singer"). -TUY/LIN²/LT1:269/LT2:338

SWAN alqua; HAVEN OF THE SWANS Alqualondë -ÁLAK/Silm:427/LT1:249, LT2:335 (LT1:249 also has alquë), UT:417

SWARD palis (lawn) -LT1:264

SWART varnë (varni-) (brown, dark brown) The form varni- is evidently used in compounds. -BARÁN

SWELL tiuya- (grow fat) -TIW

SWIFT #linta (only pl lintë is attested), tyelca (agile, hasty), larca, alarca (rapid), arauca (rushing) -Nam, KYELEK, LAK, LT2:347

SWIRL hwinya- (eddy, gyrate) -SWIN

SWORD macil; BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow of a ship), LARGE SWORD falquan; SHORT STABBING SWORD, BROAD-BLADED SWORD ecet, SWORD BLADE +russë (corruscation) -MAK/LT1:259, LAG, LT2:341, UT:284/432, RUS

SWORN BROTHER otorno (associate) -TOR

SYRUP pirya- (juice) -PIS

<T>

TALE nyárë (saga, history), nyarna (saga) -NAR²

TALK quet- (pa.t. quentë) (say, speak) -LT2:348

TALL halla, tunda (Note: the latter has a homonym meaning "kindle"), tára (high) -LotR:1157, TUN, WJ:417

TANGLE fasta- -PHAS

TAP tamin ("I tap", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t. tamnë) -TAM

TAPER lícuma (candle) -MC:223

TARN moilë -LT2:349

TASSEL fas, fatsë -GL:34

TASTE (vb) tyavin ("I taste", 1. pers. aorist); TASTE (noun) tyávë (pl. tyáver is attested in the compound lámatyáver "sound-tastes"; see SOUND-TASTE.) -KYAB, MR:215, 216

TAUT tunga (tight, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG

TEAR nírë, nië -NEI, LT1:262

TELL nyarin ("I tell", 1. pers. aorist) (relate); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima -NAR², WJ:370

TEMPLE corda -LT1:257

TEN cainen -KAYAN, KAYAR

TENDRIL liantë (but in Etym, this word is glossed "spider", q.v.) -LT1:271

TERRIBLE rúcima, aica (fell, dire, sharp) -WJ:415, PM:347

TERRIFY ruhta- -WJ:415

TERROR ossë (Ossë is also the name of a Maia held to be responsible for storms at sea.) -GOS, Silm:33, 34

THANKSGIVING #hantalë (isolated from Eruhantalë "thanksgiving to Eru". A verbal stem #hanta- "thank" can also be isolated.) -UT:436

THAT ta (it), tana, yana (the former), THAT (relative pronoun): "who, which, that" as a relative pronoun is i or ya: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is above all thrones", i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices". A pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; yassen "in which" in Nam is evidently this pronoun + a plural locative ending. -TA, YA, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct

THATCH tupsë -TUP

THE i In Quenya, the definite article is generally used as in English. However, notice that it is not used before plural words denoting an entire people or race, such as Valar, Quendi, Noldor, Sindar, Eldar, Ainur, Fírimar etc. This is evident from examples like lambë Eldaron "the language of the Eldar [lit. simply "Eldar"]", Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar [lit. simply "Valar"] will be done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with no article, meaning the entire human race or humans in general, while "the Men" would be a group of individuals. Anar "the Sun" and Isil "the Moon" are probably treated like proper names in Quenya; they do not take the article. When a noun is determined by a following genitive, it is evidently optional whether it takes the article or not: mannar Valion "into the hands [lit. simply "hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo "The Mariner's Wife, *The Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of the Mariner" - but contrast I Equessi Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil", i arani Eldaron "the Kings of the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the noun, the article must probably be left out, as in English (*Eldaron arani, ?Eldaron i arani). Note: i is also the relative pronoun "who, that"; see WHO. -I, WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398, 369

THEE le (formal, perhaps the object form of elyë "thou", q.v; only known as a borrowing in Sindarin; see the notes on the poem A Elbereth Gilthoniel in RGEO) Case endings may be added, e.g. dative len "to/for thee". -LotR:61

THEIR - if analogy can be trusted, "they" is the ending *-nta, e.g. *aldanta "their tree". See THEY.

THEM te (independent pronoun); -t (pronominal ending, e.g. laituvalmet, "WE [-lme-] will praise THEM [-t]") -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308

THEN san -MC:216

THERE, LOOK! en (yonder) -EN

THEY -ntë (pronominal ending): Tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mí Númen "they will keep it who sit upon thrones in the West". The independent, emphatic form may be *entë.) Object "them" (and non-emphatic "they") is the independent pronoun te, that may also be expressed by the pronominal ending -t (as in a laita, laita te...laituvalmet, "bless them, bless them...we shall bless [or praise] them"). For "they", there is also the ending -lto as in tulielto "they have come" (LT1:270), but its status in mature Quenya is uncertain. -UT:317, LotR:989 cf Letters:308

THICK tiuca (fat) -TIW

THIGH tiuco -TIW

THIN - long and thin: lenwa (straight, narrow) -LT2:341

THING nat; THING MADE tanwë (device, construction, craft) -NÂ², TAN

THINGOL Singollo (þ) short for Sindacollo (þ) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 and WJ:410 have Sindicollo, where the s represents original th, cf. PM:337, where the spelling Sindikollo is used [S = th as in thin]. Hence, these variant forms should be spelt with in initial súlë, not silmë, in Tengwar writing). However, it appears that Thingol was usually called Elwë in Quenya. -MR:385

THIRD #nelya (cf. Nelyar "Thirds", the third clan among the Elves) -WJ:420

THIRSTY fauca (open-mouthed, parched) -PHAU

THIS sina -UT:305

THITHER tar; THITHER LANDS (as seen from Valinor) Entar, Entarda (Outer Lands, Middle-earth, East) -TA, EN

THORN nassë (spike) -NAS

THORONDOR Sorontar -Silm:438

THOU elyë (independent pronoun, used fo r emphasis, therefore translated "even thou" in Nam and RGEO:67), -lyë (pronominal ending; the normal way of expressing non-emphatic "thou": hiruvalyë "thou shalt find"). This "thou" is formal. Concerning familiar or intimate "thou", that would often be translated "you" in English, only the object tye "thee" [q.v.] and the short suffix -t is attested; the latter may be used on imperatives, e.g. hecat "get thee gone!") -Nam/RGEO:67, WJ:364

THOUGHT ósanwë; COMMUNICATION OF THOUGHT ósanwë-centa -MR:415

THRALL mól -MÔ

THREAD (fine) lia (spider filament. Note: lia- is also the verb "twine".) -SLIG

THREE neldë (obsoleting olë in LT1:258) -NEL

THRESHOLD fenda -PHEN

THROAT lanco -LAK, LANK

THRONE mahalma (loc. pl. mahalmassen is attested) -UT:317

THRONG sanga (crowd, press); THRONG-CLEAVER Sangahyando (personal name, the "throng" being a closely formed body of enemy soldiers) -STAG, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425

THROUGH terë, ter; "THROUGH-ABIDE" (i.e., stand [fast]) #termar- (only fut. termaruva is attested) -TER, UT:305, 317

THY -lya, *-tya (endings used on nouns, e.g. *aldalya, *aldatya "thy tree". The ending *-tya is not attested and is deduced from the pronoun "thee" [q.v.].) The semantic distinction between -lya and *-tya is that -lya is formal or polite, while *-tya is intimate or familiar. Cf. THEE. In UT:51 (cf. 22), -lya is translated "your" instead of "thy", following modern English usage (tielyanna "upon your path").

TIGHT tunga (taut, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG

TILL (prep) an (for, to) -Arct

TILTED talta- (sloping, leaning) -TALÁT

TIME lúmë (translated "hour" in LotR:94; allative lúmenna is attested; Note: lúmë also means "darkness"); lú (= "a time, occasion"). FIXED TIME asar (Vanyarin athar) (festival), ONCE UPON A TIME yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë (Note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on which".) -LU, WJ:399, YA

TIMID caurëa -LT1:257

TIN latúcen; OF TIN latucenda -LT1:268

TINDER tusturë -LT1:270

TINFANG Timpando -LT1:268

TINY titta (little) -TIT

TISSUE lannë (cloth) -LAN

TITLE see NICKNAME.

TO, TOWARDS ana, na, an (for, till); (prefix:) ana-. English "to, towards, -wards" will often be rendered by the allative ending -nna, pl -nnar, as in Elenna "Starwards" (Elen + [n]na) -NÂ, Plotz letter, UT:432, Silm:313

TOGETHER o- (prefix) -WÔ

TOIL móta- (labour) -MÔ

TOKEN tengwë (indication, sign, writing - pl tengwi is attested) -WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK

TOMB #noirë (isolated from Noirinan, "Valley of the Tombs") -UT:166

-TON (reduced form of "town" in names) -mas (-by) -LT1:250

TONGUE (physical tongue:) lamba, (language:) lambë, quetil (In LT2:339, it is said that lambë covers both "physical tongue" and "speech", but Tolkien later thought better of that. WJ:394 states that in non-technical use, lambë was the normal word for "language"; only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta instead.) LOREMASTER OF TONGUES #Lambengolmo (only pl Lambengolmor is attested) -LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396, KWET

TOOTH nelet (pl nelci), carca (fang, tusk); ROW OF TEETH carcanë (LT2 has carcassë, carcaras "row of spikes or teeth".) -NÉL-EK, KARAK/LT2:344

TOPMOST PINNACLE see FINISH.

TORMENT (vb) nwalya-. (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalya.) TORMENT (noun) nwalmë (older [MET] ngwalmë), angaitya -LotR:1157 cf. ÑGWAL; LT1:249

TORTURE ungwalë, malcanë, valcanë -ÑGWAL, LT1:250

TOUGH norna (stiff), tarya (stiff) -WJ:413, TÁRAG

TOWARDS ana, na, an (for); (prefix:) ana- (to) -NÂ

TOWER mindon (also translated "Lofty Tower"; allative pl mindonnar or mindoninnar is attested) (turret), mindo (=isolated tower), tirion (= watchtower; also defined as "a mighty tower, a city on a hill), tirin (= tall tower; Note: a homonym means "I watch") See also TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS. -LT2:346/MC:222, MINI, LT1:258, TIR

TOWN osto (= town with wall) (city), opelë (walled village/house), irin; TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS tirios, TOWNSHIP ostar -OS, PEL(ES), LT1:258, LT2:343, 336

TRADE (vb) manca-, TRADESMAN macar -MBAKH

TRAILING sóra (long) -LT2:344

TRANSPARENCE liquis, TRANSPARENCY - the word vírin is defined as "a magic glassy substance of great lucency used in fashoning the Moon. Used of things of great and pure transparency." -LT1:262, LT2:339

TRAVEL lelya- (pa.t. lendë) (go, proceed) -WJ:363

TREASURE harma, harwë (both words also used of a single treasured thing), foa, mírë (jewel, precious thing); TREASURY harwë (also used = treasure). -3AR/LotR:1157, LT2:340, MIR

TREE alda (gen.pl. aldaron is attested), ornë (= high, isolated tree), taulë (= great tree). HAVING TREES, TREE-GROWN aldarwa, TREE-SHADOWED aldëa, AVENUE OF TREES aldëon; LORD OF TREES Aldaron (a name of Oromë) -GALAD/Nam/LotR:1147/ 1157, OR-NI/LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, LT1:267, LT1:249, Silm:32, 378

TRESS findë (lock of hair) (probably obsoleting findil in LT2) -SPIN, LT2:341

TRIANGLE neltil (pl neltildi), nasta (spear-head, point, gore) -TIL, SNAS

TRIBE hostar -LT2:340

TROOP hossë (army, band) -LT2:340

TROTH vérë (bond, compact, oath) (Pl. probably *vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.) -WED

TRUE sanda (firm, abiding), anwa (real, actual) -STAN, ANA

TRUMP hyóla -SD:419

TRUMPET romba (horn), tumbë; TRUMPET-SOUND róma (loud sound) (Note: róma means "shoulder" in one of Tolkien's early "Qenya" lexicons.) -WJ:400/ROM, LT1:269

TRUST estel (hope) -MR:320

T-SERIES tincotéma (dental series) -LotR:1154

TUBE róta -LT2:347

TÚN (Old English) see FENCED FIELD -PEL(ES)

TUNE lindë (air, song, singing) -LIN²

TUNNEL rotto (s mall grot) -PM:365

TURGON Turucáno (so in PM:345, obsoleting Turondo in LT1:115)

TURRET mindon (tower) -LT1:260

TUSK carca (tooth, fang) -Silm:429, LT2:344

TWANG tingë, tango. LT1:256 has quingi- "twang, of strings, harp". In Etym, there is also the unglossed verb tanga- = *"make a twang"??? -TING, TANG

TWELVE *rasta (only the stem RÁSAT is given; assuming that the sound-changes were regular, this would become *rasta in Quenya). TWELVE HOURS ("day" not meaning 24 hours) arya (day) -RÁSAT, AR¹

TWILIGHT tindómë (usually of the time near dawn, glossed "starry twilight" in Silm:438), undómë (= evening twilight), yúcalë, yualë, lómë (night, dusk, gloom, darkness. Cf. Lómion "Child of the Twilight".) -LotR 1145, KAL, LT1:255, Silm:160

TWIN onóna (also = adj "twinborn", the primary meaning of the word), pl. ónoni (surprisingly, a dual form is not used) -WJ:367

TWINE lia- (Note: lia is also a noun meaning "fine thread, spider's filament") -LT1:271

TWINKLE #tintila- (only pl tintilar is attested) -Nam, RGEO:67

TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë -TIN

TWISTED nauca (hard, ill-shapen, *small - see SMALL.) -WJ:413

TWITCH rihta- (jerk, give quick twist or move) -RIK(H)

TWO atta -AT(AT)/Letters:427

UDÛN Utumno -Silm:438

ULTIMATE métima (final, last) -MC:222 cf. 215

UN- (prefix) ú- (no-, not, un-, in-) ("usually with bad sense"), il- (denoting "the opposite, the reversal, i.e., more than the mere negation") -UGU, UMU, LT1:255

*UNCOUNTABLE únótimë (translated "numberless"; the interlinear translation in RGEO:66 has "not-count-able") -Nam

UNDER undu, nu (so in Nam; Etym has no); UNDERNEATH nún (down below) -UNU, NÛ

UNDERSTAND hanya- (know about, be skilled in dealing with); UNDERSTANDING (noun) handë (knowledge); UNDERSTANDING (adjectival) handa (intelligent) -KHAN

UNFURL panta- (spread out, open) -PAT

UNIVERSE ilu, ilúvë (the whole, the all, Allness) -ILU (see IL)

UNPRONOUNCEABLE úquétima (impossible to say/put into words, unspeakable) -WJ:370

UNSPEAKABLE úquétima (impossible to say/put into words, unpronounceable) -WJ:370

UP, UPWARDS amba, ama (prefix:) am-. (The form amu in LT2:335 is prob. obsolete.)

UPWARD SLOPE amban; UPHILL (adj) ambapenda, ampenda -AM², UNU

UPON - this English preposition may be rendered by the allative case, endings -nna pl. -nnar, dual -nta. Cf. falmalinnar "upon foaming waves", tielyanna "upon your path". -Nam, UT:22 cf. 51

UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies) -MC:223

UPRISING ambaron, Ambarónë (sunrise, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR:490). Rómen is glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east". Cf. also: "UPRISING-FLOWER" *ambalotsë ("referring to the flower or floreate device used as a crest fixed to [the] point of a tall [illegible word, possibly 'archaic'] helmet", "pointed helm-crest". Tolkien asterisked the word because it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of the name Amloth) -AM², LotR:490, WJ:318

URANUS Luinil (or less probably Nénar; it is not known for certain which of the two is Uranus and which is Neptune) -Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55

URGE horta- (speed, send flying); URGING (noun, not adjectival participle) hortalë (speeding), URGENCY hormë -KHOR

US #me (only attested with a dual ending: met "us two" in an exclusive sense, "he/she and me". -Nam/RGEO:67

USEFUL mára (fit, good) -MA3

<V>

VAGUE néca (faint, dim to see) -MC:223

VALE (dark) tumbë (deep valley) -LT:269

*VALIAN valarinwa, attested in Lambë Valarinwa "the language of the Valar, *Valian Language". Cf. also valaina "of the Valar, belonging to the Valar" (divine) -WJ:395, BAL

VALLEY nan (nand-), tumbo (deep valley under/among hills, dark vale; so in Etym, Silm:438 and LT1:269. Letters:308 gives tumba "deep valley".) VALLEY (adj.) nalda; "VALLEY OF SINGING GOLD" Laurelindorinan (Lórien). -TUB, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, LT1:261, UT:449

VALOUR cánë -KAN

VANISHED vanwa (gone, departed, dead, lost, past and over) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366

VAST - LT2 gives aica "broad, vast", but aica is said to mean "sharp" in later writings. -LT2:338

VEIL (vb) halya- (conceal, screen from ligh); "VEILS, RAYMENT" fana (pl fanar is attested. This word was used of the visible bodies in which the Valar presented themselves to incarnates.) VEILED halda (hidden, shadowed, shady) -SKAL, RGEO:74

VENUS Eärendil (Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55), Tancol ("Signifer", "the significant star" - MR:385)

VESSEL venë (small boat, dish) -LT1:254

VESTMENT colla (cloak) -MR:385

VICTORY túrë (mastery), apairë -TUR, GL:17

VIGIL tiris (watch) -LT1:258

VIGOUR tuo (muscle, sinew, strength), vië (manhood), vëassë, laito/laisi (new life, youth); VIGOROUS vëa (adult, manly) -TUG, LT1:267, WEG

VILLAGE masto, (walled:) opelë (town) -LT1:251, PEL(ES)

VINE liantassë -LT1:271

VIOLENCE ormë (rushing, wrath, haste); VIOLENT naraca (harsh, rending) -GOR, KHOR, NÁRAK

VIOLET helin, Helinyetillë ("Eyes of heartsease") (pansy) -LT1:262

VIRGINITY vénë (with the alternative, probably older [MET] form wénë), venessë -WEN

VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (i.e., the addition to the base of a final vowel identical to the base vowel [sundóma]) -WJ:417

VOICE óma (pl instrumental ómainen "with voices" is attested. In some words, óma is translated "vowel", q.v.) -OM, WJ:391

VOID lusta (empty), cúma (the Void) -LUS, KUM

VOWEL óman (pl. amandi - misreading for *omandi?) (Note: *óman can also be the dative form of óma "voice". In some compounds, óma seems to mean "vowel" instead of voice: VOWEL SIGN #ómatehta (only pl ómatehtar is attested), DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma, VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (q.v. for definition) -OM, WJ:396, 319, 417

<W>

WAIF hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365

WAILING (noun) yaimë; WAILING (adj) yaimëa -MC:223

WAIN (the constellation) see SICKLE OF THE VALAR

WAKENING (adj) cuivëa (awakening) -KUY

WALK (vb) vanta-; WALK (noun) vanta -BAT

WALL ramba; WALL AND MOAT ossa; TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS tirios -RAMBÂ/Silm:436, LT1:258, LT2:336

*WANDER ranya- (only glossed stray under RAN, but cf. Silm:436: "ran- 'wander, stray'" and the following word:) WANDERING (noun) ránë (straying) (pl. probably *ráner not ráni; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl tyáver.) WANDERER Rána (a name of the Moon), #ran (isolated from Palarran "far-wanderer", the name of a ship) -RAN, Silm:436, UT:460, 461

WANT merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem #mer-, pa.t. mernë) (wish, desire) -MER

WAR ohta -OKTÂ, KOT

WARM lauca -LAW

WARRIOR ohtatyaro, ohtar, #mehtar (isolated from Telumehtar "Orion, warrior of the sky", a word occurring in LotR. Etym gives mahtar "warrior" under MAK, but Telumehtar not **Telumahtar under TEL). LT1:268 also has mordo "warrior, hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means "obscurity, shadow, stain". -KYAR (see KAR), UT:458, LotR:1146, MAK, TEL

WARWICKSHIRE Alalminórë (Land of Elms) -LT1:249

WATCH (vb) tirin ("I watch", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva is attested (heed), WATCH-TOWER tirion; WATCH (noun) (vigil) -TIR, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:258, LT1:268

WATER nén (nen-) (LT1:262 also has linquë); WATER-FALL - LT1:249 gives axa, but this is probably obsoleted by axa "narrow path" in Etym; WATERY nenda (wet), WATER-MEAD, WATERED PLAIN nanda; WATER-LOVERS Nendili (used of the Lindar), WATER-VESSEL calpa; DRAW WATER calpa- (scoop out, bale out); ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring, also cehtelë, see FOUNTAIN), WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë (freshlet), YELLOW WATER-LILY nénu -NEN, WJ:410, NAD, KALPA, KEL, UT:426, LT1:248

WAVE (crested) falma (partitive plural allative falmalinnar is attested. LT1:266 has solmë instead of falma.) -PHAL, Nam/RGEO:67

WAX líco, neitë -MC:223, GL:60

WAY tië (path, course, line, direction, road), #vanda (isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand- "way, path" on the same page. Yet vanda means "oath" in UT:317, so this old [TLT] word is doubtful. Use tië, or tëa "road") -TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264

WE -mmë (pronominal ending used on verbs, e.g. vammë "we won't". This "we" is exclusive, meaning "they and I", not including the person(s) that is spoken to. The ending for "we, including you (sg or pl)" is -lmë. We can deduce one inclusive dual ending, "we" meaning "you (sg) and I": *-lvë (deduced from the corresponding possessive suffix -lva "our"). The emphatic, independent forms of these pronouns are perhaps *emmë, *elmë, *elvë. -WJ:371, LotR:989, 94, cf. Letters:447

WEAL, WEALTH alma (good fortune), ausië, autë (prosperity, also adj: rich) WEALTHY herenya (blessed, fortuneate, rich) -GALA, LT2:336, KHER

WEAR see BEAR. WEAR (OUT) yerya- (get old) (Note: yerya is also the adjective "old, worn") -GYER

WEATHER - dark weather: lúrë -LT1:259

WEAVE lanya- -LAN

WEB natsë (net); SPIDER'S WEB ungwë -NAT, LotR:1157

WED vesta-; WEDDING vestalë -BES, WED

WEDGE nehtë (spearhead, gore, narrow promontory) -UT:282

WEEK lemnar (from a root meaning "five", since the Valian week had five days) enquië (from a root meaning "six", since the Eldarin week had six days), otsola (evidently meaning a seven-day week like our own, as otso = seven) -LEP, LotR:1141 cf. ÉNEK, GL:62

WEEPING nyényë -LT1:262

WEFT lanat, wistë -LAN , LT1:254

WENT lendë (departed) (past tense of lelya-/linna- "go") LT1:264 gives vá, but this is probably not a valid word in mature Quenya. -LED, WJ:363

WEREWOLF nauro (In Etym, this word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -NGAW

WEST númen (so in Etym and LotR; Númen is capitalized in UT:305; this word obsoletes númë in LT1:263), andúnë (sunset, evening); WESTERN númenya; IN THE WEST númëa; WESTLAND see WESTERNESSE; WESTLANDS Andustar (a region in Númenor) "WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship) Númerrámar -LotR:1157/NDÛ, Nam, UT:305, Silm:428, LT1:263, UT:165, 419, UT:175, 458

WESTERNESSE, WESTLAND Númenor (full form Númenórë) -Silm:313, 414

WET mixa, linquë (obsoleting liquin in LT1:262), nenda (watery) -MISK, NEN, LINKWI

WHAT see WHO

WHEREIN yassen (refering back to a pl word; sg #yassë) -Nam, RGEO:66, 67

WHICH ya (known from the Arctic sentece and attested with a plural locative ending in Nam: yassen "which-in, wherein". See WHO concerning relative pronouns. Note: ya is probably not used as a question-word as in "which is it"?) -Nam, RGEO:66

WHINING miulë (mewing) -MIW

WHIRLPOOL hwindë -SWIN

WHISPER (vb) lussa-; WHISPERING SOUND lussë -SLUS

WHITE ninquë (chill, pallid), fána/fánë (prob. associated with the whiteness of clouds, fanyar), lossë (snow-white). -NIK-W-/GL:60/Silm:435 cf. WJ:417, RGEO:69, MC:221-223

WHAT IS mana -PM:395 (so "what" = ma? man?)

WHO man (so in Nam and MC:222; MC:221 one place has men, but that is evidently an error, for man occurs in the same text. In FS and LR:59/63, man is translated "what". Either Tolkien later adjusted the meaning of the word, or man covers the meaning of both "who" and "what".) Note: this "who" is used only in questions. The relative pronoun "who, which, that" is i or ya: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is above all thrones", i carir quettar ómainen "(those) who form words with voices". A pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; yassen "in which" in Nam is evidently this pronoun + a plural locative ending. -Nam/MC:222, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct

WHOEVER aiquen (if anybody) -WJ:372

WHOLE ilya (all), THE WHOLE ilúvë (the All, Allness, universe) -IL, Silm:433

WHOLLY aqua (fully, completely, altogether) -WJ:392

WIDE palla, landa; FAR AND WIDE palan; THE WIDE WORLD Palurin -PAL, LAD, Silm:435, LT1:264

WIELD turin ("I wield", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. turnë (control, govern). WIELD A WEAPON mahta- (fight) -TUR, MAK

WIFE vessë (In UT, indis is translated "wife"; in Etym this word is glossed "bride".) -BES, UT:8 cf. NDIS

WILD verca, #hravan (only pl. hravani is attested; Hravani the "Wild" was used in Exilic Quenya to designate Men not belonging to the three houses of the Edain.) -BERÉK, WJ:219

WILDERNESS ráva (Note: a homonym means "riverbank") -RAB

WILL (noun) *selma (þ) ("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma, but S (th) would become s in the Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Sindë, sindë in WJ:384) -WJ:319

WILL NOT - I will not: vá (exclamation, also = Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I won't", avammë, vammë "we won't" -WJ:371

WILLOW-TREE tasar, tasarë (þ) (probably obsoleting tasarin in LT2:346) -TATHAR/Silm:438

WIND súrë (S?) (instrumental form súrinen is attested), súlimë (þ) (also the name of the month of March), vaiwa, waiwa (the latter is probably an older [MET] form); NOISE OF WIND sú, WINDY wanwavoitë (pl. wanwavoisi) -MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:266, Nam/RGEO:66, WÂ, LT1:266

WIND UP telya- (transitive) (conclude, finish) -WJ:411

WINE miru, limpë (the drink of the Valar, or of the fairies). The word míruvórë, míruvor is defined as "a special wine or cordial." -LT1:261, LIP, LT1:258, WJ:399

WING ráma (Pl. rámar and plural instrumental form rámainen are attested. The form #rámë, occurring in the ship-name Eärrámë "Sea-Wing", evidently has a feminine ending.)

HAVING WINGS rámavoitë, "WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship) Númerrámar -RAM/LT2:335, MC:222, Silm:295, UT:175, 458

WINTER hrívë, (in early [TLT] material:) Yelin, Hesin. (In the Calendar of Imladris, hrívë was a precisely defined period of 72 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition.) Lasselanta "leaf-fall" could be used for the beginning of winter, but the usual translation of this word is "autumn". "WINTER ONE" Hescil (a title of Nienna "who breedeth winter", LT1:66, 255) -LotR:1141, 1145; LT1:255, LT1:260

WISDOM nolwë (secret lore, obsoleting nólemë in LT1:263), nólë (long study, lore, knowledge) (In Etym these words, as well as nóla below, are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) WISE nóla (learned), saira, istima (having knowledge, learned), iswa, isqua -NGOL, Silm:432, IS, SAY, LT2:339

WISH (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem #mer-, pa.t. mernë) (desire, want) -MER

WITCH (of the good magic) curuni -LT1:269

WITHER hesta-, WITHERED hessa (dead) -LT1:255

WITHIN mi (se e IN) -MI

WIZARD istar (nom. pl. istari and gen.pl. istarion are attested), sairon, curuvar WIZARDRY - in LT1:269, curu is glossed "magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply "skill". -LotR:1121, UT:388, cf. IS, SAY; LT1:269

WOLF ráca, narmo, WEREWOLF nauro; WOLFHOWL naulë (In Etym, narmo, nauro and naulë are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -DARÁK, NGAR(A)M, NGAW

WOMAN nís (so in MR:213, Etym gives nis, but both sources agree that the pl is nissi. An alternative form of nís/nis is nissë, clashing with *nissë "in me". Writers should use the short sg nís, as Tolkien himself does in MR:213); +ní (female) -NDIS/NÎ/NIS, MR:213, NÎ, INI

WON'T see WILL NOT

WOOD - great wood: taurë (pl. tauri is attested) (forest), wood as material: tavar, rough piece of wood: runda, peace of shaped wood: pano, smouldering wood (ember): yulmë (Note: yulmë also means "drinking, carousal") firewood: turu ("firewood" was the proper meaning, but the word was used for "wood" in general); OF WOOD taurina, WOODEN turúva, WOODEN POST samna (þ); WOODEN HALL ampano, WOODPECKER tambaro, WOODLAND tavas (LT1:261 also gives nan(d), but this means "valley" in mature Quenya.) -TÁWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf. 215, RUD, PAN, YUL, LT1:270, STAB, TAM, LT1:267

WOOF winda -LT1:254

WOOL tó (obsoleting oa in LT1:249; GL:71 has toa, but cf the following:) OF WOOL, WOOLEN toa -TOW

WORD quetta (pl. quettar is attested. LT2:348 gives quent; this word is no doubt obsolete in mature Quenya. GL:28 has "qetta-") -Silm:436, WJ:391

WORLD Ambar (earth), THE WIDE WORLD Palurin. (LT2 gives irmin "the world, all the regions inhabited by Men"; this is probably not a valid word in mature Quenya.) OF THE WORLD marda (an adjective, *"wordly"); THE ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar-metta; "WORLD-ARTIFICER" Martamo (a title of Aulë) -LotR:1003 cf. MBAR; LT1:251, 264, LT2:343, LT1:266

WORN yerna (old [of things]), colla (pa.p. of #col- "bear, *wear") (borne). Also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak". -GYER, MR:385

WORTH, WORTHY valda (dear) -GL:23

WOSE Rú, Rúatan (pl Rúatani is given but seems perfectly regular) -UT:385

WOUND (vb) harna-; WOUNDED harna; WOUND (noun) harwë -SKAR

WRAP vaita- -LT1:271

WRATH ormë (haste, violence, rushing) -GOR, KHOR

WREATHE ría (garland) -PM:347

WRIGHT s amno (þ) (carpenter, builder) -STAB

WRITE tece; WRITING tengwë (Note: a homonym means "indication, sign, token"; pl tengwi is attested); WRITING SYSTEM tencelë (spelling); WRITINGS parma (book) -TEK cf. WJ:394, 395, LT2:346

WRONG raica (crooked, bent) -RÁYAK

<Y>

YARD ranga (pl rangar is attested). The basic meaning of ranga was "full pace". This Númenórean linar measure was "slightly longer than our yard, approximately 38 inches [= 96.5 cm]". -UT:285, 461

YAWN yanga-, #hac- (only attested as participle: hácala "yawning") -YAG, MC:222

YEAR loa (lit. "growth"), coranar (lit. "sun-round", used when the year was considered more or less astronomically - but loa is stated to be the more usual word for "year"). "LONG-YEAR" yén (pl. yéni is attested in Nam, obsoleting Etym yeni). A "long-year" is a period of 144 solar years, an Elvish "century" - the Eldar used duodecimal counting, in which 144 is the first three-digit number, like our 100. But sometimes it seems that yén simply means "year". Cf the following words: LAST YEAR yenya, HAVING MANY YEARS linyenwa (old), *RECKONING OF YEARS Yénonótië -LotR:1141, YEN, MR:51

YELLOW malina, tulca (the latter was adopted from Valarin and used in Vanyarin Quenya only),YELLOW POWDER malo (pollen), "YELLOW HAMMER" (yellow bird) ammalë, ambalë, YELLOW WATER-LILY nénu -SMAL, WJ:399, LT1:248

YOKE yanta (bridge), yaltë -YAT, GL:37

YONDER (adj) enta; YONDER (interjection?) en (there, look!) -EN

YOU (pl. only; for sg "you", see THOU) The ending -lyë may cover pl. as well as sg. "you". The reduced form -l may be used on an imperative: hecal! "you be gone!" [WJ:364] and probably also as object: *Utúvienyel, "I (-nye) have found you (-l)". Perhaps -l can be used for plural "you" in subject postition as well, e.g. lendel, "you went". The independent (emphatic) word for "you, even you" as subject may be *elyë, while object "you" seems to be le (probably also used as a polite or formal sg: "thee"). YOUR -lya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldalya "your tree" - assuming that -lyë is indeed pl. as well as sg.)

YOUNG nessa, vinya, cana; YOUTH nésë (þ), nessë, laito/laisi (vigour, new life); YOUTHFUL nessima -NETH, LR:25, GL:37, LT1:267

<Z>

ZIMRAPHEL Míriel -UT:224, Silm:324

ZIMRATHÔN Hostamir -UT:222

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End English-Quenya Wordlist

Version 1.3.

ISDNR 0323220238273505-0630-103736290337193525

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